Ans: non-membrane bound location of DNA and bacterial chromosomes in a
prokaryotic cell.
2). Plasmids
Ans: small circular regions of DNA in bacteria
3). Cytoplasm
Ans: intracellular region responsible for suspending ribosomes and plasmids
4). Ribosomes
Ans: contain unique RNA and proteins that can be targeted by antibiotics; in
prokaryotes not membrane-bound and smaller than in eukaryotes
5). Plasma membrane
Ans: semi-permeable wall allowing for diffusion of certain ions and molecules, and can
provide an area for metabolic functions
6). Cell wall
Ans: rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane, responsible for cell shape and
protection from environmental stressors
7). Capsule
Ans: sticky outer layer of bacteria, provides mechanism of adhesion to host cells or
other bacteria
8). Fimbriae
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, Ans: hair-like structures extending from cell wall, used for attachment to host cells or
other bacteria
9). Flagella
Ans: whip-like structures allowing prokaryotes to move
10). Peptidoglycan
Ans: a polymer consisting of two cross-linked sugars, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and
N-acetylmuric acid (NAM)
11). Gram positive bacteria
Ans: bacteria with simple cell wall made of a thick peptidoglycan layer, appears purple
with gram-stain
12). Gram negative bacteria
Ans: bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an additional outer
membrane made of lipopolysaccharides, appears red or pink with gram-staining
13). Penicillin
Ans: commonly used to treat gram-positive infections
14). Cocci
Ans: bacteria with a spherical shape
15). Bacilli
Ans: bacteria with a rod shape
16). Spiral
Ans: bacteria with a spiral shape
17). Diplococci
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