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MGZ Q2 Samenvatting
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Q2 – NATURE NURTUREIntermediaire filamenten Microtubuli Actine filamenten
Single pass eiwitten: receptor, Multi pass eiwitten: kanalen
Platte(plaveisel)cel: vorming barrière, transport
Cilindrische cel: opname/verwerking voedingsstoffen
Vertakte cel: vorming hechte verbanden
Primaire structuur: lineair
Secundaire structuur: α-helix/ β-helix
Tertiaire structuur: zwavel-/ waterstofbruggen
Quaternaire structuren: meerdere aminozuurketens
Hoge Km hoge concentratie nodig om half-maximale snelheid van reactie te bereiken
- Niet-competitieve remming: Km gelijk, ½Vmax verandert
- Competitieve remming: Km verandert, ½Vmax gelijk
Heterochromatine: dicht verpakt DNA (donker)
Euchromatine: los verpakt DNA (licht)
DNA → nucleosoom → chromatine → chromatinedraad → lusdomein → chromatide → chromosoom
snRNA: verwerkt mRNA tot zijn volwassenen vorm in eukaryoten (splicing: intronen eruit)
siRNA: beïnvloedt genexpressie
miRNA: beïnvloedt genexpressie: belangrijk bij groei + ontwikkeling
silent mutation: codon vervangen → zelfde aminozuur
nonsense mutation: stopcodon gevormd
missense mutation: ander aminozuur (door puntmutatie)
Nucleaire hormoonreceptor signalering: steroïd-, thyroïdhormonen
Ionkanaal signalering (multi-subunit): Ca2+ belangrijke second messenger (in↓, uit↑)
G-proteïne-gekoppelde receptor signalering (7-pass): cAMP, Ca2+, IP3, DAG
Enzym gekoppelde receptor signalering (single-pass)
GPCR → activated GPCR
- G-protein → adenylyl cyclase → cAMP → PKA
- G-protein → phospholipase C → IP3 → Ca2+ → calmodulin → CaM-kinase
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