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TEST BANK FOR APPLIED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY A CONCEPTUAL
APPROACH 4TH EDITION BY JUDI
NATH,CARIE BRAUN
, Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach to the
Mechanisms of Disease 4th Edition Braun Test Bank
Chapter 1Introduction to Pathophysiology
• The nucleus , which is essential for function and survival of the
cell.
• is the site of protein synthesis
• contains the genetic code
• transforms cellular energy
• initiates aerobic metabolism
• Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as
the powerplants of the cell because they:
• contain RNA for protein synthesis.
• utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
• extract energy from organic compounds.
• store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
• Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed
by a lipidbilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried
out by:
• bound and transmembrane proteins.
• complex, long carbohydrate chains.
• surface antigens and hormone receptors.
• a gating system of selective ion channels.
• To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes
chemicalmessenger systems that:
• displace surface receptor proteins.
• accumulate within cell gap junctions.
• bind to contractile microfilaments.
• release secretions into extracellular fluid.
, • Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy
by:
• removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
• combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
• activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
• breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
• Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
into theextracellular fluid.
• Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
• Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
• Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
• Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
• The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane
potentials is:
• diffusion of current-carrying ions.
• millivoltage of electrical potential.
• polarization of charged particles.
• ion channel neurotransmission.
• Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells
and the number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly
matched descriptionand type of epithelial tissue?
• Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix;
some do notextend to surface
• Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on
basement membrane
• Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and
underlyingconnective tissue
• Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer
rests onbasement membrane
• Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
, • providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
• synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
• forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
• filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
• Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth
muscle (alsoknown as involuntary muscle) differs by:
• having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
• containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
• having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
• contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
• Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is
performed byribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
• Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
• Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
• Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
• Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
• Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell
parts areperformed by which of the following organelles?
• Lysosomes
• Golgi apparatus
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
• inadequate sites for protein synthesis.
• an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
• insufficient energy production within a cell.
• accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm.
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