1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences?
ANS 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
ANS Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber u...
NR 565 - ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
MIDTERM - CHAMBERLAIN
1.During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences?
ANS 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2.What is BEERS criteria?
ANS Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
3.What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
ANS liver enzyme system where medica- tions are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4.CYP450 inducers
ANS Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5.CYP450 inducers pneumonic
ANS "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6.CYP450 inducer drug names
ANS Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, ri- fampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7.CYP450 inhibitors
ANS inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8.CYP450 pneumonic
ANS "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
9.CYP450 inhibitors drug names
ANS Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amio- darone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10.Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
ANS increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism decrease tone and motility of bowel increase drug absorption
11.Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
ANS Antiepileptic drugs, an- timicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES). .How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
ANS -
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13.Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
ANS de- layed gastric emptying
14.Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
ANS glu- cocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
15.what should be included in medication administration patient education?-
ANS dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration duration of treatment drug storage
nature and time course of desired
responses nature and time course of
adverse responses finish taking
antibiotic
16.What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions?
ANS reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily) greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
17.How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
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