COMBO CLEP COLLEGE COMPOSITION, CLEP COLLEGE COMPOSITION MODULAR EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

1 COMBO CLEP COLLEGE COMPOSITION, CLEP COLLEGE COMPOSITION MODULAR EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ Ambiguity Correct Answer: A possible double meaning that may confuse a listener or reader Colloquial Correct Answer: Used in some dictionaries to label words appropriate only in informal speech Consistency Correct Answer: The result of staying within one pattern and avoiding confusing shifts in tense or grammatical perspective Convention Correct Answer: the customary way of doing things; what a reader or listener expects or is used to 2 Economy Correct Answer: The sparing use of words, avoiding unnecessary wordiness or duplication Formal Correct Answer: the kind of English appropriate in serious discussion and writing Grammar Correct Answer: the study of the forms of words and their arrangement in a language Informal Correct Answer: the kind of Standard English we use in casual conversations and personal letters Non-standard Correct Answer: the everyday language of those with little formal education; inappropriate in school, business, or writing Redundancy Correct Answer: unintentional repetition, needless duplication Slang Correct Answer: extremely informal language; often used in a disrespectful manner 3 Standard Correct Answer: the language of our institutions- of school, church, business, and government Word Correct Answer: parts of speech Phrase Correct Answer: group of related words acting together as one part of speech; not containing both a subject and verb Clause Correct Answer: group of related words containing a subject and a verb Sentence Correct Answer: group of words containing a subject and a verb and expressing a complete thought Paragraph Correct Answer: group of sentences organized around a central or main idea Verb 4 Correct Answer: a word that expresses action or helps to make a statement Subject Correct Answer: a word or words naming person, place, thing, or idea about which something is being said Compound Subject/Compound Verb Correct Answer: Two or more subjects or verbs connected by and or or Direct Object Correct Answer: A noun or pronoun that answers the question whom or what after an action verb. It receives the action of the verb. Subject Complement/Predicate Nominative Correct Answer: A noun or pronoun (or adjective) which follows a be or linking verb and renames or describes the subject. (Think of a be or linking verb as an = sign) Nomative Pronoun Correct Answer: used as subject or subject complement (I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, whoever) Objective Pronoun 5 Correct Answer: used as an object of verb or of preposition (me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom, whomever) Possessive Pronoun Correct Answer: shows ownership (my, mine, you, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs, whose, whosoever) Pronoun Rules Correct Answer: 1. Anyone, everyone, someone everybody, somebody, anybody, and nobody are singular. The singular pronoun "his" is used with them. 2. Avoid double subjects and useless pronouns. 3. When a pronoun modifies a gerund (gerund = the ing form, used as noun), it is used as an ADJECTIVE and is in the POSSESSIVE case (pronoun which shows ownership) 4. Never use hisself or theirself... Himself or themselves instead. The principal parts of a Verb Correct Answer: 1) the present tense (I break) 2) the past tense (I broke) 3) the past participle (I have broken). This form is used with a helping verb. Verb Rules Correct Answer: 1)"Of" is not a substitute for "have" 2) "Ought" does not follow "have" or "had" 6 3) "would" or "should" forms of the verb are not used in "if"-clauses. 4) Use the present subjunctive form in an "if"-clause of a statement that is obviously false, and it is called a "condition contrary to fact". Invloved in this is usually the verb "to be" and the present of a "to be" verb in the subjunctive is just "were" Infinitive Correct Answer: 1) Just the simple or basic form of the verb, as come, take, eat, be ***used after auxiliary verbs, as in: I didn't come, He must be, or this simple form preceded by a function word, as to in I want to eat. 2) usually proceeded by "to" 3) It is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. 4) It can never be the main verb of the sentence. Participle Correct Answer: used as an adjective. The present participle ends in ing. Past participles have several endings (ed, d, t, n, en) Gerund Correct Answer: The -ing form of a verb, used as a noun ...Basically, you take a verb like "swim", add "-ing" and then you have a kind of noun instead called a "gerund". The verb of the sentence is now just assumed to be "was" or "is" and "swimming" is the gerund/noun. 7 Ex: She swims(v) -- add the gerund-- She is(v) swimming(n). Adjectives and Adverbs Correct Answer: have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative Adjective and Adverb Rule #1 Correct Answer: After linking verbs such as look, seem, appear, taste, smell, feel, sound, use adjectives to describe the subject Adjective and Adverb Rule #2 Correct Answer: Really is an adverb; real is an adjective. Do not use real to modify another adjective Adjective and Adverb Rule #3 Correct Answer: Adjectives do not modify verbs Adjective and Adverb Rule #4 Correct Answer: Good is never an adverb Adjective and Adverb Rule #5 8 Correct Answer: Since scarcely and hardly are negative already, they should not be accompanied by another negative Adjective and Adverb Rule #6 Correct Answer: Irregardless is not a word. Use regardless Preposition Rule #1 Correct Answer: Generally, a sentence should not end with a preposition. However, you may end a sentence with a preposition if it will make the sentence smoother Preposition Rule #2 Correct Answer: Avoid unnecessary prepositions Preposition Rule #3 Correct Answer: 'Between' refers to two persons, groups, or things; 'among' refers to more than two. Preposition Rule #4 Correct Answer: Use 'because of' not 'due to' to introduce a phrase Preposition Rule #5 Correct Answer: do not use 'off of' in place of 'from' or 'off' 9 Preposition Rule #6 Correct Answer: 'into', not 'in', implies going within Conjunction Rule #1 Correct Answer: Use 'since' or 'because' instead of 'being' or 'being that' or 'seeing as how' to introduce a clause Conjunction Rule #2 Correct Answer: use 'as', not 'like', as a connective between clauses Conjunction Rule #3 Correct Answer: 'while' means "duration of time." It cannot be used in place of 'but', 'although', or 'and' Conjunction Rule #4 Correct Answer: do not say "the reason is because." Use "the reason is." Conjunction Rule #5 Correct Answer: do not say "the place is where." Use "the place is." denotation Correct Answer: the objective definition of a word 10 connotation Correct Answer: the emotional associations we have with a word How to avoid ambiguity of pronouns Correct Answer: 1) Give pronouns clear antecedents (he, she, it, who, etc.) 2) Avoid general reference (this, that, it, and which) 3) Avoid weak reference 4) Avoid the indefinite use of the pronouns 'they', 'you', and 'it' Causes of ambiguity: modifiers and comparisons Correct Answer: 1) Misplaced modifier 2) Dangling modifier 3)Two-way modifiers 4) Incomplete comparisons Fragment Correct Answer: A part of a sentence written as though it were a complete sentence. Coordination Correct Answer: a way to join dependent and independent clauses to form sentences. If these clauses are not connected properly, both by connectives and punctuation, the result is a run-on sentence. 11 Excessive Coordination Correct Answer: fails to show precise relationships between ideas. It is not usually true that every idea you wish to express should carry equal weight. Subordination Correct Answer: consist of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Facts Correct Answer: A fact is something that actually happened and can be proven to be true. If you choose to support an idea with facts, make sure that your facts can be verified and are not merely opinion. for example, you might write a paragraph developing the idea that 1968 was a momentous year by citing the events of that year. Examples Correct Answer: Sometimes a topic sentence may be developed by giving one or more examples of the truth it expresses. The topic sentence "Our school has a club to fit everyone's interest," could be developed with examples. Incident Correct Answer: An incident or brief event may provide an effective means of illustrating the idea expressed in a topic sentence. For example, the topic sentence "Sometimes a pet can seem human," could be developed by a brief story that illustrated the point. 12 Reasons Correct Answer: Topic sentences often make statements that provoke the question "why?" In general, the writer who starts with such a statement should give reasons to support it. For example, a paragraph on the subject of why we should have a woman president could be developed with reasons. Comparison and Contrast Correct Answer: Paragraphs may be developed by comparisons (which show similarities) or by contrasts (which show differences) or by a combination of the two. a special note is needed about the organization of the type of paragraph. It may be done point by point; that is by, making a statement about one thing and comparing or contrasting it immediately with another. syntax Correct Answer: how words are put together coordination Correct Answer: how you connect ideas together subordination Correct Answer: how you make one idea subordinate to another idea comma splice 13 Correct Answer: when two complete sentences are tied together with a comma sentence fragment Correct Answer: an incomplete sentence Modifier Correct Answer: a descriptive phrase or word run-on senetence Correct Answer: two sentences put together without appropriate punctuation simple sentence Correct Answer: one independent clause compound sentence Correct Answer: two or more independent clauses with out a dependent clause subject-verb agreement Correct Answer: when the subject and verb of a sentence don't go together antecedents Correct Answer: going before , preceding 14 compound complex senetence Correct Answer: two or more independent clauses with a dependent clause pronoun-antecedent agreement Correct Answer: when the pronoun doesn't match its antecedents idiom Correct Answer: a phrase without a literal meaning noun Correct Answer: person, place or thing verb Correct Answer: an action adjective Correct Answer: modifies a noun nominative case Correct Answer: I, you, she, he, we, they possessive case Correct Answer: my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours,their, theirs 15 relative pronouns Correct Answer: who, that, which, what indefinite pronouns Correct Answer: all, any, both, each, either, everybody, none, one, several, some, someone objective case Correct Answer: me, you, her, him. us, the compound personal pronouns Correct Answer: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves interrogative pronouns Correct Answer: who, which, what agreement in subject and verb Correct Answer: the same in a singular or plural form diction errors Correct Answer: incorrect word choices 16 modifiers (can be adjective or noun that adds meaning to subject) Correct Answer: describing words (good and family in a good family house) base form of verbs Correct Answer: i play past tense verb Correct Answer: i played idiom errors Correct Answer: expressions that are not always clear from the meaning of the words ( kick the bucket) verbs Correct Answer: tell what the subject does, is doing or what is done to it verb form with -s Correct Answer: he/she/it plays, runs, jumps ect past participle verb Correct Answer: i have played 17 present participle Correct Answer: i am playing participle...verb used as an adjective comma splice Correct Answer: two independent clauses containing a comma topic sentence Correct Answer: the first sentence introducing the subject of a paragraph illustration Correct Answer: section of the paragraph that consists of the illustrations (evidence, data, facts, quotes ect.) that support your topic fragment Correct Answer: an incomplete sentence that is punctuated a if it were complete run-on sentence Correct Answer: two independent clauses that are not separated by a conjunction or proper noun restatement or restriction 18 Correct Answer: when the second sentence can restate or restrict what was written in the first sentence, making the subject more specific analysis Correct Answer: explain, interpret, and contextualize the illustrations that have been made conclusion Correct Answer: the final sentence (or 2) might review what the paragraph has discussed, and/or reemphasize what is being suggested except- define Correct Answer: to exclude; not including accept- define Correct Answer: to recieve affect(vb.)- define Correct Answer: to influence, to change effect- define Correct Answer: to accomplish(vb); a result(n) 19 all right- correct spelling? Correct Answer: correct alright- correct spelling? Correct Answer: incorrect among Correct Answer: when referring to more than two between Correct Answer: when referring to only two continous Correct Answer: occurring without interruotion uninterested Correct Answer: not interested immigrate Correct Answer: one immigrates TO a place emigrate Correct Answer: one emigrates FROM a place 20 continual Correct Answer: recurring actions, repeated regularly and frequently disinterested Correct Answer: impartial eminent Correct Answer: outstanding, distinguished well Correct Answer: an adverb used when referring to how a action is performed respectively Correct Answer: each in the order given sit Correct Answer: to be seated unquestioned Correct Answer: has not been questioned respectfully 21 Correct Answer: courteously set Correct Answer: to put or to place unquestionable Correct Answer: indisputable no exceptions Correct Answer: always, every, all, only, never, none, not, must, necessary imminent Correct Answer: threatening to happen soon. going to happen sooner or later further Correct Answer: additionally; suggests quantity or degree ensure Correct Answer: to guarantee; to make safe fewer Correct Answer: used when nouns can be counted and made plural (fewer students) 22 good Correct Answer: an adjective before a noun or after a linking verb (look good) antecedent Correct Answer: a noun which is referred to by using a pronoun connotation Correct Answer: the implied meaning of a word (using context) pronoun Correct Answer: a word which takes the place of a noun( like it or that) interrogative pronoun Correct Answer: a pronoun used to start a sentence (who, what, which, whom and whose) denotation Correct Answer: the literal meaning of a word transition Correct Answer: a way to change to a new topic conjuntion 23 Correct Answer: a word which is used to connect ideas, phrases or sentence parts fragment Correct Answer: an incomplete sentence participle Correct Answer: a noun which is used as an adjetive superscript Correct Answer: a letter or symbol printed above the text line transition Correct Answer: a sentence or phrase which connects two paragraphs and adds to the coherence clause Correct Answer: part of a sentence containing a subject and predicate 5 x 5 essay Correct Answer: a five paragraph essay which includes an introduction and conclusion paragraph syntax 24 Correct Answer: describes the way words are arranged in a sentence flashback Correct Answer: when a story shifts to an earlier time