PSYC 2600 Final UVA (Questions + Answers) Solved

Social Psychology - The scientific study of the way in which people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence or imagined presence of other people. Social Influence - The effect that the words, actions, or presence of other people have on our thoughts, feelings, attitudes or behaviors. Fundamental Attribution Error - The tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behavior is due to internal, dispositional factors and to underestimate the role of situational factors. Behaviorism - A school of psychology maintaining that to understand human behavior, one need only consider the reinforcing properties of the environment i.e. if a behavior is followed by a reward, it will continue. Construal - The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world. Gestalt Psychology - A school of psychology stressing the importance of studying the subjective way in which an object appears in people's minds rather than the objective physical attributes of the object. Naive Realism - The default assumption we tend to have that our perception reflect reality. Self-Esteem - People's evaluations of their own self-worth-that is, the extent to which they view themselves as good, competent, and decent (most people have a strong need to maintain high selfesteem). Social Cognition - How people think about themselves and the social world; more specifically, how people select, interpret, remember and use social information to make judgements and decisions. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy - You expect that your or another person will behave in some way, so you act in ways to make your prediction come true.Hindsight Bias - The tendency for people to exaggerate, after knowing that something occurred, how much they could have predicted it before it occurred. Observational Method (refer to Google Doc) - The focus of the observational method is a description and it focuses on answering the question, "What is the nature of the phenomenon?" Ethnography - The method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or culture by observing it from the inside, without imposing any preconceived notions they might have. Interjudge Reliability - The level of agreement between two or more people who independently observe and code a set of data; by showing that two or more judges independently come up with the same observations, researchers ensure that the observations are not the subjective, distorted impressions of one individual. Archival Analysis - A form of the observational method in which the researcher examines the accumulated archives of a culture. Correlational Method (refer to Google Doc) - The focus of the correlational method is prediction and answers the question, "From knowing X, can we predict Y?" Correlational Coefficient - A statistical technique that assesses how well you can predict one variable from another- for example, how well you can predict people's weight from their height.