Chapter 2: The History and Social
Context of Nursing
Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges, 9th Edition, Beth Black
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that would later
become a model for early nursing education?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Clara Barton
d. Mary Ann Bickerdyke
ANS: B
Feedback
A. Dorothea Dix is best known as an advocate for the mentally ill, and she created a
brief training program at two New York hospitals for women who wished to serve
as nurses in the Civil War.
B. Florence Nightingale founded the first training school for nurses at St. Thomass
Hospital in London in 1806. This became the model for nursing education in the
United States.
C. Clara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross.
D. Mary Ann Bickerdyke is best known for nursing services during the Civil War.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: MCS: 25
2. Who was the first educated African-American professional nurse?
a. Linda Richards
b. Phoebe Pember
c. Sojourner Truth
d. Mary Eliza Mahoney
ANS: D
Feedback
A. Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the United States.
B. Phoebe Pember was one of the first women placed in charge of a hospital.
C. Sojourner Truth was a famous abolitionist who served as a nurse for the Union
forces in the Civil War.
D. Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African-American professional nurse; she was
educated at the New England Hospital for Women and Children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: MCS: 27
3. To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red Cross?
, a. Clara Barton
b. Dorothea Dix
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Lavinia Lloyd Dock
ANS: A
Feedback
A. Founding the American Red Cross is attributed to Clara Barton.
B. Dorothea Dix was superintendent of women nurses of the Union Army.
C. Florence Nightingale was an English pioneer in nursing.
D. Lavinia Lloyd Dock was influential in forming the National League for Nursing
(NLN).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: MCS: 26
4. What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in the
1900s?
a. Male, intelligent, strong
b. Female, sensitive, subservient
c. Female, docile, from poor background
d. Male, high breeding, independent
ANS: B
Feedback
A. Men were not thought to be sensitive enough for nursing.
B. Sensitivity, breeding, intelligence, ladylike behavior, and submission to authority
were highly desired personal traits for nursing students.
C. High breeding was desirable for nursing education program applicants.
D. Men were not desired nursing education program applicants.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: MCS: 27
5. Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago Worlds Fair of 1893
became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States?
a. Florence Nightingales work on sanitation and its relationship to mortality rates
was finally recognized.
b. The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address issues in
nursing education.
c. The American Nurses Association (ANA) was formed to oversee nursing
education in the United States.
d. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was formed to enhance collaboration
between practicing nurses and educators.
ANS: B
Feedback
A. Florence Nightingales paper was on scientific training of nurses.
B. Several influential nursing leaders met at the Chicago Worlds Fair and started the
National League for Nursing Educationthe precursor to the NLN.
Context of Nursing
Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges, 9th Edition, Beth Black
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that would later
become a model for early nursing education?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Clara Barton
d. Mary Ann Bickerdyke
ANS: B
Feedback
A. Dorothea Dix is best known as an advocate for the mentally ill, and she created a
brief training program at two New York hospitals for women who wished to serve
as nurses in the Civil War.
B. Florence Nightingale founded the first training school for nurses at St. Thomass
Hospital in London in 1806. This became the model for nursing education in the
United States.
C. Clara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross.
D. Mary Ann Bickerdyke is best known for nursing services during the Civil War.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: MCS: 25
2. Who was the first educated African-American professional nurse?
a. Linda Richards
b. Phoebe Pember
c. Sojourner Truth
d. Mary Eliza Mahoney
ANS: D
Feedback
A. Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the United States.
B. Phoebe Pember was one of the first women placed in charge of a hospital.
C. Sojourner Truth was a famous abolitionist who served as a nurse for the Union
forces in the Civil War.
D. Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African-American professional nurse; she was
educated at the New England Hospital for Women and Children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: MCS: 27
3. To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red Cross?
, a. Clara Barton
b. Dorothea Dix
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Lavinia Lloyd Dock
ANS: A
Feedback
A. Founding the American Red Cross is attributed to Clara Barton.
B. Dorothea Dix was superintendent of women nurses of the Union Army.
C. Florence Nightingale was an English pioneer in nursing.
D. Lavinia Lloyd Dock was influential in forming the National League for Nursing
(NLN).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: MCS: 26
4. What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in the
1900s?
a. Male, intelligent, strong
b. Female, sensitive, subservient
c. Female, docile, from poor background
d. Male, high breeding, independent
ANS: B
Feedback
A. Men were not thought to be sensitive enough for nursing.
B. Sensitivity, breeding, intelligence, ladylike behavior, and submission to authority
were highly desired personal traits for nursing students.
C. High breeding was desirable for nursing education program applicants.
D. Men were not desired nursing education program applicants.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: MCS: 27
5. Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago Worlds Fair of 1893
became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States?
a. Florence Nightingales work on sanitation and its relationship to mortality rates
was finally recognized.
b. The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address issues in
nursing education.
c. The American Nurses Association (ANA) was formed to oversee nursing
education in the United States.
d. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was formed to enhance collaboration
between practicing nurses and educators.
ANS: B
Feedback
A. Florence Nightingales paper was on scientific training of nurses.
B. Several influential nursing leaders met at the Chicago Worlds Fair and started the
National League for Nursing Educationthe precursor to the NLN.
