UNE Biochem Final Exam 2023/2024
A 3-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by his parents. He is unconscious on admittance and his blood glucose was 15 mg/dl, ( normal 75 - 105 mg/dl). Further testing showed this individual had a deficiency in carnitine. Based on this diagnosis yo...
UNE Biochem Final Exam 2023/2024
A 3-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by his parents. He is
unconscious on admittance and his blood glucose was 15 mg/dl, ( normal 75 -
105 mg/dl). Further testing showed this individual had a deficiency in carnitine.
Based on this diagnosis you would also expect which of the following to be true
with regards to metabolism:
This patient would have elevated levels of circulating free fatty acids.
A 7-year old female is recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Laboratory testing
shows elevated urinary glucose and ketones. Blood glucose levels were 250
mg/dL (normal range 90 -120 mg/dL). The increase in blood glucose in this
individual is primarily due to increased activity of which of the following
enzymes?
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
Ketonuria, hyperglycemia and severe acidosis are diagnostic indicators of the
presentation of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following compounds
are "ketone bodies" that would be elevated in serum and urine from a patient in
this condition?
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate
In the fasted state, fatty acyl-CoA is transported across the mitochondrial
membrane. The transport of fatty acids via carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI)
can be directly inhibited by which of the following compounds?
Malonyl-CoA
An individual goes to bed around 8 pm and doesn't wake up until 9 am the next
morning. During this time, which of the following is the primary oxidizable
substrate for skeletal muscle?
Free fatty acids
The process of ketogenesis refers to the conversion of acetyl-CoA to which of the
following compounds?
beta-hydroxybutyrate
A 3-year-old male is brought to the emergency department with hypoglycemia
following a brief seizure. His parents put him to bed the night before and he had
not eaten much dinner. His urine tested positive for dicarboxylic acids, serum-
free fatty acids are elevated and there were no detectable ketones in his blood or
urine. In this individual, at the time of presentation his ratio of insulin to glucagon
is:
<1
The processes of -oxidation and fatty acid synthesis are regulated in such a
manner that neither process is active at the same time. Which of the following
enzymes required for fatty acid synthesis is paired with the correct activator?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; citrate
Following a meal, the ratio of insulin to glucagon will be > 1. Which of the
following compounds will be elevated to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase I?
Malonyl-CoA
Which of the following enzymes require thiamine as a cofactor for activity? (yes,
indicates cofactor is required for activity; no, indicates cofactor is not required)
, 2: No Yes Yes No
Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its allosteric inhibitor?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: palmitoyl-CoA
Which of the following is the regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Under conditions when glucose oxidation is elevated, the acetyl-CoA produced
will allosterically activate which of the following enzymes leading to an increase
in the production of oxaloacetate?
Pyruvate carboxylase
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase will be active when which of the following hormones is
elevated?
Insulin
During fatty acid synthesis, after the initial step involving acetyl-CoA, the fatty
acid chain is elongated by the addition of which of the following compounds?
Malonyl-CoA
When citrate is shuttled out of the mitochondria for fatty acid synthesis, the initial
reaction by citrate lyase generates which of the following products?
Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate
Which of the following best defines the role of an HDL?
A lipoprotein responsible for the reverse transport of cholesterol to the liver
Which of the following best describes the role of HDL particles?
HDL particles are required for the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the
liver
Which lipoproteins is responsible for the process of reverse cholesterol transport
(the movement of cholesterol from the peripheral tissues back to the liver)?
HDL
Synthesis of which of the following lipoproteins would be elevated after a
carbohydrate-rich meal?
VLDL
In the reaction catalyzed by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), the VLDL
particle receives which of the following compounds from HDL particles?
Cholesteryl-ester
Which of the following compounds is the primary component of a mature HDL?
Cholesteryl-ester
What is the primary lipid component of a nascent HDL particle?
Phospholipids
VLDL particles have which of the following combinations of apoproteins in their
mature form?
ApoB100, ApoCII, ApoE
A patient's triglyceride levels are within normal limits, but their cholesterol is 350
mg/dl (normal: 200 mg/dl). The physician prescribes medication for this patient,
which he states inhibits the enzyme HMG CoA reductase. The drug that was
prescribed lowers circulating levels of cholesterol by:
Decreasing hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis
Cholesterol stimulates the activity of which of the following proteins required for
bile acid synthesis?
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