Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1 correct 100%(Graded A)

Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1 correct 100%(Graded A) Pathophysiology -ANSWER Study of the body's response to dysfunction Disease -ANSWER Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system Etiology -ANSWER The cause of a disease Clinical manifestations -ANSWER Symptoms and chief complaints Morphological changes -ANSWER Structural changes that are a result of the disease process Etiological factors -ANSWER Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional excess or deficiency, genetic factors What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation? -ANSWER Size: atrophy and hypertrophy Number: hyperplasia Irregular shape: dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic) Intercellular accumulation -ANSWER Results from normal substances, abnormal endogenous or exogenous products Dystrophic pathological calcification -ANSWER In injured tissue, dead cells create calcium deposits that can cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or TB Metastatic Pathological Calcifications -ANSWER Caused by an increase of serum calcium levels in non-injured tissue Chemical injuries -ANSWER Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, street drugs Asphyxiation injuries -ANSWER Suffocation, strangulation, drowning Hypoxic injuries -ANSWER Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen) What does cellular aging cause? -ANSWER Atrophy, decreased functioning Isotonic solutions -ANSWER Will cause no change to cells 0.9% saline Hypertonic solutions -ANSWER Will cause cells to shrink/crenate 3% saline or 5% dextrose Hypotonic solutions -ANSWER Will cause cells to swell 0.45% saline Edema -ANSWER Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces What are causes of edema? -ANSWER Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (fluid moves from capillary to interstitial space) Decrease in plasma osmotic pressure (decrease in RBC, plasma and proteins causing fluid to leak into tissues) Increase in capillary permeability (inflammation causes fluid to leak into surrounding