NUR 372 Exam 4 Questions and Correct Answers, With Complete Solution, 207 Q&A. 2024/2025.
4 views 0 purchase
Course
NUR 372
Institution
NUR 372
NUR 372 Exam 4 Questions and Correct Answers, With Complete Solution, 207 Q&A. 2024/2025.
neutrophils
- phagocytes of early inflammation that destroy bacteria
- 55-70%
lymphocytes
- B and T cells
- 20-40%
monocytes
- macrophages: initiators of the inflammatory response, digest and destroy...
NUR 372 Exam 4 Questions and Correct
Answers, With Complete Solution, 207 Q&A.
2024/2025.
neutrophils
- phagocytes of early inflammation that destroy bacteria
- 55-70%
lymphocytes
- B and T cells
- 20-40%
monocytes
- macrophages: initiators of the inflammatory response, digest and destroy
microorganisms and debris
- dendritic cells: phagocytes that present processed antigens to other immune cells
- 2-5%
eosinophils
- phagocytes that destroy allergens and parasitic infections
- 1-4%
basophils
- release heparin as an anticoagulant and histamine during early inflammatory response
- 0.5-1%
leukopenia
- total WBC < 4000
- indicates drug toxicity, autoimmune disease, bone marrow failure, overwhelming
infection
leukocytosis
- total WBC > 10000
- indicates inflammation, infection, some malignancies, trauma, dehydration, stress,
steroid use, thyroid storm
- splenectomy will cause persistent leukocytosis
- older adult clients can have severe bacterial infection without leukocytosis
neutropenia
- neutrophils < 2000
- indicates viral infections, overwhelming bacterial infections, chemo radiation
- will be at increased risk of infection
- precautions: restrict visitors, live plants, fresh fruits/vegetables, no rectal temps or IM
injections
left shift
- increase of immature neutrophils that occur with acute infections
- acute infections cause neutrophil production to increase so fast that immature
neutrophils, which are not capable of phagocytosis, are released
dendritic cells
,- type of monocyte
- antigen presenting cells: captures and engulfs antigens producing the major
histocompatibility complex molecule, which identifies the antigen to help B and T cells in
recognition and response
mast cells
- found in skin and lining of the respiratory and GI tracts
-release heparin and histamine during early inflammatory response
- responsible for allergic reactions including anaphylaxis
B cells
- humoral immune response: defends through circulating antibodies
- plasma cells secrete antibodies after the first exposure to the antigen
- memory cells are restimulated by the same antigen and mount specific antigen-
antibody response
T cells
- cellular mediated immune response, defend by cell to cell contact
- helper (CD4) activate macrophages, B cells, cytotoxic T and NK cells
- cytotoxic (CD8) respond to foreign cells
- suppressor cells are activated by helper T cells when immune response is no longer
needed
- natural killer cells target virus infected and tumor cells
primary immune dysfunction
- congenital
- immune system that is deficient or is limited in its ability to function
secondary immune dysfunction
- always acquired
- secondary to another disease process or exposure to medications or chemicals
- ex HIV, radiation, chemotherapy, malnutrition, or burns
excessive immune response
- if the immune system is initiated inappropriately or it overreacts, autoimmunity or
hypersensitivity occurs
- autoimmune disorders occur when antibodies are formed to attack normal healthy self
cells
- hypersensitivity reaction is an overreactive response to a foreign antigen
- degree of reaction ranging to uncomfortable to fatal
type I hypersensitivity reaction
- most common type
- results from an increased release of IgE to an antigen that causes histamine and all of
the other vasoactive related WBCs to be released
- allergens can be inhaled, ingested, injected, or contacted
- onset is within one hour
- ex anaphylaxis
type I hypersensitivity medical management
- allergy testing
- avoidance of triggers
- antihistamines, decongestants, steroids, bronchodilators, epinephrine IM for severe
reactions
, type I hypersensitivity nursing management
- monitor respiratory function, BP, HR
- remove allergen, O2 100% via nonrebreather, elevate HOB, medication
administration, have resuscitation equipment available, stay with patient
- teaching: how to avoid allergen exposure, s/s of initial reaction, use of epipen, medic
alert bracelet/pendant
allergy testing
- patient prep: discontinue steroids and antihistamines prior
- procedure: ambu bag, oxygen, IV start kit, epi/benadryl
- follow up care: post procedure meds, driver
type II hypersensitivity reaction
- subtype 1 (complement and antibody mediated cell destruction): destroys cells, led by
IgM and IgG antibodies, ex blood transfusion reactions
- subtype 2 (complement and antibody mediated inflammation): Goodpasture's
syndrome leads to deposits of IgG on the basement membranes of lungs and kidneys
- subtype 3 (antibody mediated cellular dysfunction): myasthenia gravis results in
autoantibodies attaching to ACh receptors on neuromuscular endplates
type III hypersensitivity reaction
- mediated by the formation of antigen antibody complexes
- systemic: lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, serum sickness
- local: arthus reaction
- treatment: remove offending agent, symptomatic treatment, epinephrine or
corticosteroids
type IV hypersensitivity reaction
- delayed reaction
- ex poison ivy, Mantoux test for TB, latex allergy (can also be type I)
- treatments: steroid skin creams, antihistamines, epinephrine, IV corticosteroids
contact precautions
- clean hands, gown, gloves
- ex MRSA, VRE, lice, RSV
droplet precautions
- clean hands, mask, eye protection
- ex flu, pertussis, meningitis
airborne precautions
- clean hands, N95
- ex TB, measles, varicella
MRSA
- result of decades of unnecessary antibiotic use
- resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenem
- treatment: vancomycin
MRSA s/s
- pneumonia
- skin and soft tissue infections
- surgical site infections
- bloodstream infections
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LectDan. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
