BKAT Study Exam Questions And Answers

BKAT Study Exam Questions And Answers What to do first if a patient has chest pain. - ANS Rest! ECG changes in an acute MI - ANS ST elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full thickness loss of muscle. EMERGENCY. Inferior leads - ANS II, III, aVF. RCA occlusion. Septal leads - ANS V1 & V2. Anterior leads - ANS V1 - V4. LAD lesion. Lateral leads - ANS V5, V6, I, and aVL. Circumflex lesion. Cardiac enzymes - ANS Troponins, CK-MB, and CK Changes in CK - ANS Rise: 3-6 hours Peak: 24 hours Normal: 3-4 days Changes in CK-MB - ANS Released after myocardial necrosis. Specific for myocardial damage. Rise: 3-12 hours Peak: 24 hours Normal: 2-3 days Troponin I - ANS Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity. Rise: 3-12 hours Peak: 24 hours Normal: 5-10 days Troponin T - ANS Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity. Rise: 3-12 hours Peak: 12-48 hours Normal: 5-14 days Common conditions that cause a murmur - ANS Aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve stenosis Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR - ANS (Arterial Dilators) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca channel blockers Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR - ANS (Vasopressors) Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI - ANS Beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca channel blockers Drugs to increase contractility/SVI - ANS Positive inotropes, dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin