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Summary Agricultural-Management Practices -June Exam
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Agricultural-Management Practices -June Exam Complete June exam / Summary Colorful and Complete
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1Grade 12
AGRICULTURAL-
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
June exam
2024
Previous exam papers were used to compile these notes, DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017, @IMPAQ JUN 2022,
JUN DBE/ 2022, DBE/November 2020 - 2022. These are only suggested answers from the
memoranda. Some information is repeated, I want to show you the different ways the same
information is asked.
I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions without looking at the answers
first.
Good luck. Miss Ansie
Multiple – choice questions
Agronomic approach Change in cultivation activities taking into account the actual needs of
the crop (improved fertilization program).
Light spring tooth grunt This implement is used to loosen especially summer crops between
rows and mechanically combat weeds.
Occupational Health and The law that addresses aspects such as the requirements set for
Safety Act premises and the transport of food.
Plastic casings This way of packaging is very expensive, because special equipment is
required for the wrapping process
Texture Texture is a very important property of soil and it affects most soil
properties that affect general use.
Increase in osmotic Methods by which microorganisms are not destroyed, but their growth
pressure and development are terminated or inhibited.
Operating budget Estimated expenses regarding administration, advertising,
replacements and expenses
@ Juffrou_ Ansie
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Physical production Physical production records include operations done, yields achieved,
problems encountered and livestock records.
Direct to the retailers Shoprite Checkers is a chain store group and supplies products to all
Shoprite branches nationwide.
The Department of Labour The Department of Labour carries out inspections on farms to check
whether labourers have legal contracts
Insurance A mechanism that a farmer can use to reduce the risk of the farming
business.
Inputs E.g. Labour, mechanical, biological and monetary
Research and Intended expenditure on development or refinement of products,
development budget substances and procedures.
Assets Liabilities + Net worth
GPS A network of satellites designed primarily by the US military.
Added value To dry vegetables and fruits to make farming profitable
Sterility No living organism is present in the product.
Ground data Collected to describe, analyse and measure soil.
Processing Food is protected against microorganisms, enzymes, oxidation and
other forms of spoilage, so that it can be used and not wasted.
Source document This document contains the core data of the transaction.
Packaging When food is stored in different ways to ensure protection.
Inventory A list of resources, the use and costs associated with them is needed.
Parameterization Parametrization gives an indication of uncertainties by either the prices,
or application of inputs, or returns, or times of inputs or outputs
varying.
The methods of formation This varies depending on: type of material, purpose of the container,
that are in question with cost implication, apparatus required, whether the container needs to
respect to different be in-line or pre-formed
packaging.
DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
Standardization Ensure the same quality of products worldwide
Breakeven point Number of animals that must be sold to cover the total cost
Diversification Different production branches on one farm
Offer Number of products that farmers send to the market
Market equilibrium When the price a consumer pays equals the price the producer is
willing to sell for/accept
Direct competition E.g. Neighbouring farms selling the same product
Packaging Place products in containers that will protect them
Delegation Give greater responsibility to a farm worker
@ Juffrou_ Ansie
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Sugaring Process a product using sweetness to prevent growth of
microorganisms
Tertiary agriculture Provide services to the farmer
Pricing Determine the value of agricultural products to indicate the money the
consumer will spend
Organogram Structure diagram of the different staff and staffing levels at a glance
Yearly leave Type of leave that a farm worker will take once a year to go on vacation
Turnover Total of all the trade receipts for a given period
Marketing costs Direct and indirect costs that a producer must incur to market a
product
Production capital Type of capital obtained from the sale of agricultural products
Invoice Proof of work done on the farm, showing costs
Log Records used by large commercial farmers to see who drove their
vehicles and the distances they travelled
Human resources A resource used by farm owners that involves all staff on the farm and
is necessary for the smooth running of the farming business
Rotational construction Successive cultivation of different crops on the same piece of land
JUN DBE/ 2022
Evapotranspiration The loss of water that occurs during the day from soil and plants to the
atmosphere
Migration of farm workers A problem encountered with the use of human labour on farms
to cities
Production capital The source of capital obtained through the sale of farm products
Dormant/Resting The growth stage of grasses during the winter
Infrared map The type of soil map that shows the groundwater content of soils
Credit purchase invoice The farmer receives this source document when he/she buys goods on
credit
SWOT analysis A strategic planning tool that can help to evaluate a farm
Technical resource The resource that includes people in management, workers and
service providers
Planning The management principle that a farmer must apply before starting a
business
Bureau system Data processing for several clients takes place centrally, away from the
farms
Weights and Measures Act, Ensure scales are regularly inspected and calibrated
1958 (Act 13 of 1958)
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Quarantine The restriction imposed on the movement of animals because of an
infectious disease
Radiation/Ultraviolet rays The method that sterilizes the surfaces of food, food containers and
or light the air
JUN DBE/2023
Seasonal labour A typical example of farm work associated with seasonal labour is
harvesting an annual fruit crop.
Black The soil colour indicating a high humus content
Vision statement The statement that serves as a guideline to a farming business's future
A verbal warning A worker forgot to turn in the equipment and didn't bring it back until
the next day. An appropriate disciplinary action for this situation would
be a verbal warning.
Indicator plant The plant species that determines the successional status of the field
Business plan External circumstances or events that must occur for a business to be
assumptions successful
Soil erosion The removal of topsoil by runoff or strong winds
Soil pH An indication of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil
Auction The marketing channel where livestock and game are usually sold to
the highest bidder
Source documents The collective term for all the various documents needed to complete
an Income Statement
Climax / Subclimax Plant succession of field refers to the progressive development from
pioneer to Climax / Subclimax
Anemometer Wind speed is measured with an Anemometer in km/h.
Free market system The producer can sell products wherethey want, whenthey want and
at the highest possible price
Case Study DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
CANDIDATE A and CANDIDATE B were evaluated for different positions on a farm.
The following assessment criteria were used: 3 = good, 2 = average, 1 = poor
CANDIDATES QUALIFICATION MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL SKILLS
LEVEL SKILLS
A
3 3 1
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B
1 1 3
According to the evaluation above, the candidate who will be most suitable for the following
positions on the farm:
Farm manager: Candidate A - Has good qualifications and management skills
Farm worker: Candidate B - Is good in technical skills
Possible unskilled worker from table: No unskilled worker. Because both candidates are trained
and have qualifications and certificates
___________________________
Types of Labour DBE/November 2020
1. Seasonal worker - Labourers who harvest fruit during a specific time of the year
2. Permanent worker - Labourers who milk cows in the morning
and in the afternoon
3. Occasional Worker / Contract Worker - A Mason hired to build
a concrete reservoir on the farm
Use of animal traction on the farm DBE/November 2020
→ Plow
→ Can pull trailer transporting licks/other material etc.
→ Collect and count livestock/inspect fences
→ Transportation of people
Ways to reduce risk for small-scale agricultural enterprise DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
1. Diversification - The risk is spread between the different companies
2. Irrigation - Less dependent on rainfall and unpredictable climate
3. Scientific methods - More precise measurement of inputs
GROUND STRUCTURE
Definition of soil structure JUN DBE/2022
Is the grouping of soil particles into structural units (aggregates). Is the natural cohesion of soil
particles to form larger parts (aggregates).
TILLAGE OF SOIL WITH STRUCTURE CULTIVATION OF SOIL WITHOUT STRUCTURE
Has high clay content - more difficult to work Is loose and sandy - easy to work
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Agricultural land is a valuable asset for the farmer. JUN DBE/2022
The value of agricultural land increases:
↘ Invest in land by adding fixed assets to the farm
↘ Land is made more productive by correct: cultivation, grazing & water use
↘ Condition of field/soil improves (increases) with good management
↘ Net value of farm increases due to the increase in assets
↘ Land value increases with timedue to the economic character of land
The value of agricultural land decreases:
↘ Land is made less productive due to incorrect: cultivation, grazing & water use
↘ Condition of field/soil deteriorates (deteriorates) with poor management
↘ Assets of farm decrease due to lack of maintenance
↘ Net value of the farm decreases due to decrease in assets
_________________________________________________________________
LAND PROPERTIESDBE/November 2020
GROUND COLOUR GROUND TEXTURE
Red / yellow soils have good Sandy soils infiltrate
drainage and crops will grow quickly but do not hold
well if water is available. much water - soil will
produce well if there is
Dark / brown soils are rich in enough rainfall
organic matter, have natural
fertility which makes them Sandy soils are less fertile
desirable for crop production than clay soils and more
fertilizer must be added to
Gray soils are usually sandy soils than to clay
'waterlogged' soils that are soils to get good
not good for crop production production
Benefits of organic
Clay soils' infiltration farming DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
capacity is low but holds
Less pollution from
water better - good for
chemicals
production
Protection from natural
Clay soils are more fertile enemies
as they retain more
nutrients - good for
production
@ Juffrou_ Ansie
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