Hondros Bio 254 Final Questions & Answers(RATED A+)
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Course
Hondros Bio 254
Institution
Hondros Bio 254
Slower - ANSWERThe Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that works ________ than that of the Nervous System.
Nervous System - ANSWEROther major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis.
Hormones - ANSWERThe endocrine system uses chemical messengers called?
nerve ...
Hondros Bio 254 Final Questions & Answers(RATED A+)
Slower - ANSWERThe Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that works ________ than that of the Nervous System.
Nervous System - ANSWEROther major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis.
Hormones - ANSWERThe endocrine system uses chemical messengers called?
nerve impulses - ANSWERThe nervous system uses _________ to communicate.
circulatory system - ANSWERWhat system transports hormones throughout the body?
Receptors - ANSWERAll cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only those that have the proper _________ on their cell membranes or within their nucleus are activated by the hormone.
Target cells - ANSWERThe responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are called?
Protein or Peptide - ANSWERMost hormones are what kind of molecule?
fat soluble - ANSWERThere are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule?
Second messenger - ANSWERNon-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to work within the cell as they are not able to cross the cell membrane.
DNA expression - ANSWERSteroid hormones cause changes to _______ because their
target is within the nucleus.
negative feedback - ANSWERThe secretion of most hormones is regulated by what kind of system, causing increasing levels of hormones to "turn off" its stimulus?
Anterior Pituitary - ANSWERThe master endocrine gland because it regulates so many other endocrine glands?
Hypothalamus - ANSWERAnterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones secreted by the what?
Insulin - ANSWERHormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
cells. PTH (parathyroid hormone) - ANSWERHormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop.
Aldosterone - ANSWERMineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney.
Prolactin - ANSWERNecessary for milk production after child birth.
Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4) - ANSWERHormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate.
growth hormone - ANSWERStimulates body cell division and increases length
of bones
epinephrine and norepinephrine - ANSWERTwo hormones released by the adrenal medulla.
Iodine - ANSWERElement essential for proper production of thyroid
hormones (T3/T4)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWERPituitary hormone that regulates water
reabsorption by the kidney.
Glucagon - ANSWERHormone that increases the breakdown of
glycogen by the liver.
Oxytocin - ANSWERHormone that causes contraction of the uterine
wall muscles.
Cortisol - ANSWERGlucocorticoid released during prolonged stress
response.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - ANSWERHormone that acts on the ovary to stimulate the
production of estrogen.
Calcitonin - ANSWERHormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood
calcium levels.
luteinizing hormone (LH) - ANSWERHormone that stimulates the ovary to release the
egg.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - ANSWERHormone that stimulates the thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - ANSWERhormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones Testosterone - ANSWERKnown as the male sex hormone
Progesterone - ANSWERHormone that stimulates vascularization of the
endometrium
Estrogen - ANSWERKnown as the female sex hormone
skin and mucosa - ANSWERThe "first line of defense" in innate immunity
Inflammation mediators - ANSWERHistamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of
innate immunity - ANSWERA type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as non-self
Cytokines - ANSWERChemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and adaptive response
self-tolerance - ANSWERThe ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign
cells but spare our own normal cells
Neutophils - ANSWERThe most numerous type of phagocyte
Macrophages - ANSWERWhat do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of the bloodstream?
immunoglobulins - ANSWERAntibodies are proteins of the family
immunoglobulin M - ANSWERThe predominant class of antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen (primary immune response)
active immunity - ANSWERGenerally lasts longer than passive immunity.
tumor markers - ANSWERAbnormal antigens or ______________________ _________________ are present in the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in addition to self-antigens.
adaptive immune - ANSWERHelper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate _______________________________ function by regulating B cell and T cell function.
naturally acquired passive immunity - ANSWERA fetus receives protection from the mother through what immunity?
Artificially acquired active immunity - ANSWERVaccinations provide what type of immunity?
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