507 FINAL EXAM 85 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERIFIED ANSWERS
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Course
NURSING 706
Institution
NURSING 706
507 FINAL EXAM 85 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Dermatomes
Substance release at the synapse
Spondylolysis
motor and sensory areas of the brain
Ischemic penumbra
Cerebral infarction
excitotoxins
Agnosia
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Meningitis
Prostate cancer preventio...
507 FINAL EXAM 85 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
1). Dermatomes
Ans: area of the skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a single spinal sensory
nerve root. These spinal sensory nerves enter the nerve root at the spinal cord, and their
branches reach to the periphery of the body.
2). Substance release at the synapse
Ans: Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory- alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS transmission
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3 receptors). parkinson disease
3). Spondylolysis
Ans: structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or developmental defect) in the pars
interarticularis of the vertebral arch (the joining of the vertebral body to the posterior
structures). The lumbar spine at L5 is affected most often.
-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
4). Motor and sensory areas of the brain
Ans: Parietal lobe- major area for somatic sensory input, located along the postcentral
gyrus. which is adjacent to the primary motor area in the precentral gyrus.
Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the precentral gyrus forming the
primary voluntary motor area (homunculus) (little man).
Association fibers provide communication between sensory and motor
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, 5). Ischemic penumbra
Ans: ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
6). Cerebral infarction
Ans: ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft 6-12 hours after). necrosis
appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue. necrosis resolves around
the 2nd week. glial scarring.
7). Excitotoxins
Ans: Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate glutamate release and cause
neuron suicide.
8). Agnosia
Ans: the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body, sides and #s)- L
angular gyrus (Parieral)
-Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
9). Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Ans: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood coats nerve roots, impairs
CSF circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
10). Meningitis
Ans: Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus bacteria are most common
Viral- Specific pathogen cannot be found in CSF
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, 11). Prostate cancer prevention
Ans: -Eat a low fat diet
- Slow growing cancer so DRE and PSA testing prevents
12). Bph and the urinary system
Ans: - Chronic inflammation
-Bladder outflow obstruction
-Urge to pee often
-delay in starting stream
- Decreased force of stream
-Urinary retention/ overflow incontinence (late sign)
Complications: Hematuria, infections, bladder calculi, retention, hydronephrosis, renal
insufficiency
Ans: -Plasma- Bicarbonate-carbonic acid and HGB.
-Intracellular- Phosphate and protein
Renal- Ammonia and Phosphate
15). Cushing's disease
Ans: - Excess endogenous secretion of ACTH (Corticotropin).
-from a pituitary adenoma or by an ectopic secreting non pituitary tumor such as small
cell carcinoma of the lung.or adrenal tumor (rare)
- HYPERnatremia, HYPERtension, INCREASED blood volume, HYPOkalemia,
HYPERglycemia, weight gain, thin hair, moon face, easy bruising, buffalo hump, protein
wasting
16). Cause of hypoparathyroidism
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