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Musculoskeletal (NCCPA outline) questions with correct answers
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Musculoskeletal (NCCPA outline) questions with correct answers
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Musculoskeletal (NCCPA outline) questions withcorrect answers
- most common injury sustained in blunt thoracic trauma. - may cause localized pain, crepitus, pain with inspiration, dyspnea, and may even cause pneumothorax or hemothorax. CORRECT ANSWER Rib fractures
Fractures of the _____- rib usually indicate severe trauma because of the necessary
force to produce such an injury. CORRECT ANSWER first
The pain associated with rib fractures may lead to CORRECT ANSWER hypoventilation, atelectasis, retained secretions, and finally pneumonia.
treatment for the patient with multiple rib fractures. CORRECT ANSWER - Rapid mobilization, respiratory support, and pain management are the mainstays of treatment.
- Continuous body positioning and oscillation therapy prevent hypoventilation and atelectasis by promoting redistribution of ventilation and perfusion to various lung segments. - Mechanical ventilation allows for healing of the ribs and prevention of complications in the patient with respiratory failure. Incentive spirometry is excellent supportive therapy in stable patients. - Pain control is paramount in facilitating adequate ventilation. Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine controls pain without causing sedation and impairing the cough reflex. Sternal fractures are most common in CORRECT ANSWER postmenopausal females, presumably secondary to osteopenia.
What is Commotio cordis CORRECT ANSWER sudden cardiac death after blunt, low-impact chest wall trauma in the absence of structural cardiac abnormality. *Ventricular fibrillation* is the most commonly reported induced dysrhythmia in commotio cordis. Young male athletes aged 5-18 are particularly at risk for this catastrophe. It has been described *after blows to the chest from baseballs, softballs, hockey pucks, and other objects.* Death is usually instantaneous, and successful resuscitation is uncommon.
Marfan's Syndrome CORRECT ANSWER Note: Pectus Excavatum - can also have MVP
A compartment pressure of _____________ is an indication for fasiotomy? CORRECT ANSWER 30mmHg
normal pressure = 0-8mmHg
A 46-year-old male is evaluated for a fall from approximately 15 feet, landing on his legs. There is intense pain and swelling to the lower extremity, with decreased sensation. What bone is fractured and is most commonly associated with acute compartment syndrome? CORRECT ANSWER The Tibia
Compartment syndrome may occur with or without known trauma. What is a non physically traumatic cause? CORRECT ANSWER patients with hemophilia or rhabdomyolysis can develop compartment syndrome without direct trauma, and crush injury or tibial fracture can result in compartment syndrome to the affected extremity. Physical Exam of Compartment Syndrome CORRECT ANSWER This pain and the aggravation of pain by passive stretching of muscles in the compartment in question are the most sensitive (and often the only) clinical findings before the onset of ischemic dysfunction in the nerves and muscles.
Osteoarthritis CORRECT ANSWER degenerative joint disease
three distinct features: 1. narrowed joint space
2. spur formation
3. subarticular reactive sclerosis
- Patient will be an older individual
- Complaining of hip or knee pain
- X-ray will show subchondral sclerosis, joint-space narrowing, subchondral cysts, and osteophytes
- Treatment is NSAIDs, joint replacement
- Comments: No constitutional symptoms CORRECT ANSWER Osteoarthritis/ degenerative joint disease
How do you manage osteoarthritis? CORRECT ANSWER Pharmacologic treatments include oral or topical NSAIDs, acetaminophen, intra-articular corticosteroid or hyaluronate injections, or opioids. Surgical intervention is the definitive treatment.
Osteoporosis CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following causes secondary osteoporosis in women?
A Corticosteroid use
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