BCC final study guide exam questions & answers 2024/25

BCC final study guide exam questions & answers 2024/25 how much of a healthy person's weight is composed of water? - ANSWERS50-60% What are the 2 fluid compartments that water is stored in and what percentage of water is located in each compartment? - ANSWERS-intracellular fluid (ICF): 70% of the water in the body; 40% of an adult's body weight -extracellular fluid (ECF): 30% of the water in the body; 20% of the adult's body weight What would a serum sodium level of 135 mEq/L indicate? - ANSWERShyponatremia- sodium deficit in ECF What is the most abundant electrolyte in the ECF and what is the normal concentration? - ANSWERSsodium; normal serum concentration is 135-145 mEq/L -function: controls & regulates extracellular fluid volume What would be considered a surplus of sodium in the ECF and what is it cause by? - ANSWERS145 mEq/L (hypernatremia) -caused by excess water loss, lack of fluid intake (like patients who cannot perceive or communicate thirst), diarrhea, hyperventilation/burns (insensible water loss) What would a serum potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L indicate and what could it be caused by? - ANSWERShypokalemia~ potassium deficit in ECF (a common electrolyte abnormality) -potassium can be lost through vomiting, gastric suctioning, alkalosis, diarrhea, or use of diuretics What electrolyte imbalance can result from renal failure, hypoaldosteronism, or use of meds like potassium chloride, heparin, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, & potassium-sparing diuretics? - ANSWERS*hyperkalemia*- excess potassium in ECF (5 mEq/L) -can result in skeletal muscle weakness, paralysis, and cardiac issues