ATI- Nursing Care of Children 100% SOLUTIONS between 6 and 8 wee ks of age - ANSWER When does the posterior fontanel close? between 12 and 18 months of age - ANSWER When does the anterior fontanel close? tumbling E, HOTV - ANSWER what kind of test should you use to test the visual acuity of children who are unable to read letters and numbers? Snellen chart or symbol chart - ANSWER how should older children be tested for visual acuity? color vision - ANSWER The Ishihara color test or the Hardy -Rand -Rittler color test are used to assess ____________ _________ 50, 70, 60, 90 - ANSWER peripheral visual fields should be - upward _________ degrees downward _________ degrees nasally _________ degrees temporally _________ degrees peripheral vision is evaluated by having the client fixate on an object and say when it is moved out of range. 6 to 8, 20, 32 - ANSWER amount of teeth that infants should have by one year of age: ______ to ______ ________ deciduous teeth ________ permanent teeth gynecomastia - ANSWER unilateral or bilateral breast enlargement that occurs for males during puberty 4 - ANSWER rooting and sucking reflex should be seen from birth to _____ months 3 - ANSWER palmar grasp should be seen from birth to ______ months 8 - ANSWER plant ar grasp, or when the infant's toes curl downward after the sole of their foot is touched, is seen from birth to ______ months 4 - ANSWER the moro reflex (startle) is seen from birth to ______ months. a typical reaction is when the infant's arms and legs symmetrically extend and then abduct while her fingers spread to form a C shape. tonic neck reflex (or fencer position) - ANSWER elicited by turning an infant's head to one side. The infant extends the arm and leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on the opposite side. Seen from birth to 3 to 4 months. babinski reflex - ANSWER elicited by stroking the outer edge of the sole of an infant's foot up toward the toes. The infant's toes fan upward and out. This is seen from birth to one year. 4 we eks - ANSWER Stepping is elicited by holding an infant upright with his feet touching a flat surface. The infant will then make stepping movements. This lasts from birth to _______________. Romberg test - ANSWER able to stand with slight swaying while e yes are closed, tests cerebellar function 6, 12 - ANSWER infants gain approximately 150 to 210 g (about 5 to 7 oz) per week the first 6 months of life. Birth weight is at least doubled by the age of ____ months, and tripled by the age of ____ months. 0.6, 0.2 - ANSWER the circumference of infants' heads increases approximately 1.5 cm ( ____" ) per month for the first 6 months of life, and then approx. 0.5 cm ( ______" ) between 6 and 12 months of age. ibuprofen - ANSWER should only be used in infants over the age of 6 months 1 month - ANSWER demonstrates head lag and has a grasp reflex 2 months - ANSWER lifts head off mattress when prone, holds hands in an open position 3 months - ANSWER raises head and shoul ders off mattress when prone, only a slight head lag. No longer has a grasp reflex. Keeps hands loosely open. 4 months - ANSWER rolls from back to side, places objects in mouth 5 months - ANSWER rolls from front to back, uses palmar grasp dominantly 6 months - ANSWER rolls from back to front, holds bottle 7 months - ANSWER bears full weight on feet, moves objects from hand to hand 8 months - ANSWER sits unsupported, begins using pincer grasp 9 months - ANSWER pulls to a standing position, cree ps on hands and knees instead of crawling. Has a crude pincer grasp. 10 months - ANSWER changes from prone to a sitting position. Grasps rattle by its handle. 11 months - ANSWER walks while holding on to something. Places objects into a container, has a neat pincer grasp. 12 months - ANSWER sits down from a standing position without assistance. Tries to build a two -block tower without success. iron - ANSWER supplements recommended for infants who are being exclusively breastfed after the age of four months. 2 - ANSWER infants and toddlers remain in a rear -facing car seat until the age of ___ years or the height recommended by the manufacturer. 4-5 - ANSWER crib slats should be no further apart than 6 cm. Crib mobiles or crib gyms should be removed by __ to __ months of age. 4.4 to 6.6 lb - ANSWER preschoolers (3 -6 years) should gain about 2 to 3 kg ( ____ to ____ lb) per year and grow about 6.5 to 9 cm ( 2.6 to 3.5 in) per year 3 - ANSWER by age ____, a preschooler can ride a tricycle, jump off bottom step, and stand on one foot for a few seconds 4 - ANSWER by age ____, a preschooler can skip and hop on one foot. He should also throw the ball ove rhead. 5 - ANSWER by age ____, a preschooler can jump rope, walk backward with heel to toe, as well as throw and catch a ball with ease. preschoolers - ANSWER need 13 to 19 g/day of protein in addition to adequate calcium, iron, folate, and vitamins A and C 12 - ANSWER on average, preschoolers need about ____ Hours of sleep per day. Some may still require a daytime nap. 4 feet, 9 inches - ANSWER it is recommended that children use an approved car restraint system until they achieve a height of 145 c m (or ___ feet ____ " ) 4.4 to 6.6, 2 - ANSWER school -age children (6 to 12 years) will gain about 2 to 3 kg ( ___ to ___ lb) per year and grow about 5 cm ( ___ inches) per year mass, weight, volume - ANSWER for piaget's "Concrete operations" stage, sc hool-age children master the concept of conservation. Conversation of _______ is understood first, followed by _______, and then _______. 9 - ANSWER at 12 years, _____ hours of sleep is needed each night. Resistance to bedtime is sometimes experienced ar ound the age of 8 and 9 years, and again around the age of 11 years, but is typically resolved by the age of 12 years. school -age children (6 to 12 years) - ANSWER for this age group, children should be taught fire safety and potential burn hazards as we ll as safety precautions to take while cooking. 2 to 2.5 - ANSWER Girls stop growing at about __________ to _____________ years after the onset of menarche. They grow 5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 in.) and gain 7 to 25 kg (15.5 to 55 lb). 4 to 12 " - ANSWER Boys stop growing at around 18 to 20 years of age. They grow 10 to 30 cm (____ to ____" ) and gain 7 to 30 kg (15.5 to 66 lb) girls - ANSWER sexual maturation IN ORDER for girls breast development, pubic hair growth (some girls experience hair gr owth before breast development), axillary hair growth, and menstruation testicular enlargement, pubic hair growth, facial hair growth, and vocal changes - ANSWER sexual maturation IN ORDER for males testicular enlargement, pubic hair growth, facial hair growth, and vocal changes calcium, iron, zinc - ANSWER for adolescents, during times of rapid growth, additional ___________, ________, and ____________ are needed
