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UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL EXAM – QUESTIONS/ANSWERS
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UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL EXAM – QUESTIONS/ANSWERS
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UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL EXAM – QUESTIONS/ANSWERSWhen was the major migration out of Africa? Correct Ans - -60ka
-modern humans replaced the Neanderthals and robust hominids across the
world
When did modern humans evolve? Correct Ans - 200,000 years ago
modern Homo sapien derived characteristics: Correct Ans - -small, flat
face with portruding chin
-rounded skull
-cranial capacity of at least 1,350cc
-less robust post-cranial skeleton
-relatively long limbs and shorter trunks
why was the modern human less robust? Correct Ans - -relied more on
elaborate tools and technological advancements, less on body strength
how does modern human behavior compare to that of early hominins?
Correct Ans - -much more complex and variable
-vast array of specialized tools and techniques to adapt to diverse
environments
-elaborate and varied symbolic, artistic, and religious behavior
-due to large geographic range
-ability to accumulate and transmit over successive generations
Middle Stone Age (MSA) Correct Ans - -The stone tool industries of
sub-Saharan Africa and southern and eastern Asia that existed 250 to 40 kya.
-counterpart of the Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) in Europe
-varied, but flake tools were manufactured in all of them
-large social networks, Llong-distance exchange networks
MSA tools Correct Ans - -blades: long, thin stone tools, Mode 4
-symmetrical, leaf-shaped points
-microliths: small stone flake, sharp edge on one side and flat on the other,
Mode 5
-atlatl: throws spears farther
-bone tools
-shelters and hearths
, When did the Middle Stone Age occur? Correct Ans - Later Pleistocene
What was change in human behavior caused by? Correct Ans - -
increased cognitive ability
-cultural innovations, not genetic
-technological innovation
MSA transition Correct Ans - technological innovation --> more
efficient food acquisition --> greater economic surplus --> more economic
specialization --> greater symbolic and ritual activity
Fossil Evidence for movement out of Africa Correct Ans - -earliest
found in China, 120-80ka
-no other anatomical modern fossil outside Africa that date to before 63ka
- beginning 30ka, wealth of evidence for presence of modern humans across
Europe
Genetic Evidence for movement out of Africa Correct Ans - 1) modern
humans evolved in Africa btw 200-90ka
2) modern humans outside Africa are descended from one or more
populations that left Africa btw 120-40ka
3) a small amount of interbreeding occurred btw modern humans and
hominins already living in Eurasia (Neanderthals and Denisovans)
What kind of DNA does not undergo recombination, thus allowing you to trace
it back to a single individual? Correct Ans - 1) DNA on Y chromosom
2) mitochondria DNA from mom
3) short segments of DNA on ordinary chromosomes
What does the accumulation of mutations allow us to discover? Correct
Ans - -estimate time passed since the MRCA
-estimate past population size
Relationship between distance from Africa and genetic variation Correct
Ans - increased distance from Africa = decreased genetic variation
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