PSU BBH 315 Exam 1 2024 with 100% correct answers
Overarching goals for course
Biological essentialism
Feminism
Distinction between "differences" and "disparities"
Mortality
Morbidity
Life expectancy
Differences in life expectancy over time
Differences in life expectancy between females an...
Ans: -Biological sex and socially constructed gender influence health across the
lifespan
-Biological, behavioral, psychological, and sociocultural factors interact to influence sex
and gender diffs
2). Biological essentialism
Ans: -biology is destiny(we are who we are because of our biology or genetic makeup)
-Our behaviors and preferences are biologically pre-determined
3). Feminism
Ans: -bio not really destiny
-Support for political, economic, and social equality of women and men and, in turn, legal
and --social changes necessary to achieve equality
4). Distinction between "differences" and "disparities"
Ans: Disparity refers to a difference that is unfair, the result of unfair or unjust policies
or practices
5). Mortality
Ans: death rate
6). Morbidity
Ans: disease rate
7). Life expectancy
Ans: number of years you're expected to live
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, 8). Differences in life expectancy over time
Ans: -From 1900 to 2000, life expectancy has gotten longer
--infant deaths have diminished, more medicine is available, and better technology
9). Differences in life expectancy between females and males
Ans: -From conception to death, women on average more advantaged and live longer
than men
-From 1900 to 2003, women have had a higher life expectancy than men
-Women like around 5.3 years longer
10). Leading causes of death for 1-24 year olds
Ans: unintentional injuries (most are non-disease related), other causes, homicide,
suicide
11). Leading causes of death for 25-44 year olds
Ans: all other causes, unintentional injuries, cancer
12). Leading causes of death for 45-64 year olds
Ans: cancer, other causes, heart disease
13). Leading causes of death for 65+ year olds
Ans: other causes, heart disease, cancer
14). Mortality rates over time by sex
Ans: -Mortality rates have diminished over time for both sexes
-Women have less death rate than men
-Change in male mortality has improved, female has gotten worse
--(increase in poverty, health issues, smoking, decrease in education)
15). Mortality rates over time by ethnicity
Ans: -Whites on average have lower mortality rates than other races
-Blacks have increase rates of cancer, fetal deaths, etc. why - healthcare access,
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, education, income
-Highest death rates in south east states, lowest in coastal plains
16). Gender gap comparisons worldwide and between developed and less-developed nations
Ans: Across countries female advantage is universal
Gap is closing over the years (developing life expectancy is getting greater faster than
industrialized)
US = pretty low life expectancy at birth, Japan = highest, women 86; men 79
Russian Federation = lowest, women 75; men 60
Developing countries have lower life expectancies than industrialized
Gender gap is smaller in developing countries because more infectious diseases, more
traditional gender roles, child baring vs men risk taking
17). Gender differences in morbidity
Ans: -Women = report more illness, more ill from acute and chronic conditions,
experience more disability, use more outpatient health services, use more prescriptions
and OTC drugs
-Women get more sick, men die quicker
18). Reasons for "gender paradox"
Ans: Women = more likely to get treated, different health problems
Men = more likely to smoke, more likely to engage in risky behavior
19). Utility of using lifespan developmental perspective
Ans: -Depending when you're born, you're exposed to different events and
advancements
-You vs. Grandparents = differences in healthcare, medical technologies, knowledge of
health benefits
20). Ascribed status
Ans: the social status a person is assigned at birth, not earned nor chosen
21). Achieved status
Ans: a position that is earned or chosen, reflects personal skills, abilities, and efforts
From kuh et al. (2003): how early life factors influence later life health
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