WGU D333 Ethics in Technology - WGU Study
Guide Rated A+
1). Acceptable use policy (aup)
Ans: A document that stipulates restrictions and practices that a user must agree in
order to use organizational computing and network resources.
2). Acceptance
Ans: When an organization decides to accept a risk because the cost of avoiding the
risk outweighs the potential loss of the risk. A decision to accept a risk can be extremely
difficult and controversial when dealing with safety-critical systems because making that
determination involves forming personal judgments about the value of human life,
assessing potential liability in case of an accident, evaluating the potential impact on the
surrounding natural environment, and estimating the system's costs and benefits.
3). Advanced persistent threat (apt)
Ans: A network attack in which an intruder gains access to a network and stays there
—undetected—with the intention of stealing data over a long period of time (weeks or
even months).
4). Agile development
Ans: A software development methodology in which a system is developed in
iterations lasting from one to four weeks. Unlike the waterfall system development
model, agile development accepts the fact that system requirements are evolving and
cannot be fully understood or defined at the start of the project.
5). Agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (trips)
Ans: An agreement of the World Trade Organization that requires member
governments to ensure that intellectual property rights can be enforced under their laws
and that penalties for infringement are tough enough to deter further violations.
6). American recovery and reinvestment act
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, Ans: A wide-ranging act that authorized $787 billion in spending and tax cuts over a
10-year period and included strong privacy provisions for electronic health records, such
as banning the sale of health information, promoting the use of audit trails and
encryption, and providing rights of access for patients.
7). Annualized loss expectancy (ale)
Ans: The estimated loss from a potential risk event over the course of a year. The
following equation is used to calculate the annual loss expectancy: ARO × SLE = ALE.
Where ARO is the annualized rate of occurrence, an estimate of the probability that this
event will occur over the course of a year and SLE is the single loss expectancy, the
estimated loss that would be incurred if the event happens.
8). Annualized rate of occurrence (aro)
Ans: An estimate of the probability that a risk event will occur over the course of a
year.
9). Anonymous expression
Ans: The expression of opinions by people who do not reveal their identity.
10). Anonymous remailer service
Ans: A service that allows anonymity on the Internet by using a computer program
that strips the originating header and/or IP address from the message and then
forwards the message to its intended recipient.
11). Anti-slapp laws
Ans: Laws designed to reduce frivolous SLAPPs (strategic lawsuit against public
participation (SLAPP), which is a lawsuit filed by corporations, government officials, and
others against citizens and community groups who oppose them on matters of
concern).
12). Antivirus software
Ans: Software that scans for a specific sequence of bytes, known as a virus signature,
that indicates the presence of a specific virus.
Artificial intelligence systems
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, 13).
Ans: The people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to
develop computer systems and machines that can simulate human intelligence
processes, including learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the
information), reasoning (using rules to reach conclusions), and self-correction (using the
outcome from one scenario to improve its performance on future scenarios).
14). Audit committee
Ans: A group that provides assistance to the board of directors in fulfilling its
responsibilities with respect to the oversight of the quality and integrity of the
organization's accounting and reporting practices and controls, including financial
statements and reports; the organization's compliance with legal and regulatory
requirements; the qualifications, independence, and performance of the company's
independent auditor; and the performance of the company's internal audit team.
15). Avoidance
Ans: The elimination of a vulnerability that gives rise to a particular risk in order to
avoid the risk altogether. This is the most effective solution but often not possible due to
organizational requirements and factors beyond an organization's control.
16). Bathsheba syndrome
Ans: The moral corruption of people in power, which is often facilitated by a tendency
for people to look the other way when their leaders act inappropriately.
17). Best practice
Ans: A method or technique that has consistently shown results superior to those
achieved with other means and that is used as a benchmark within a particular industry.
18). Bill of rights
Ans: The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution that spell out
additional rights of individuals.
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, 19). Black-box testing
Ans: A type of dynamic testing that involves viewing the software unit as a device that
has expected input and output behaviors but whose internal workings are unknown (a
black box).
20). Blended threat
Ans: A sophisticated threat that combines the features of a virus, worm, Trojan horse,
and other malicious code into a single payload.
21). Body of knowledge
Ans: An agreed-upon sets of skills and abilities that all licensed professionals must
possess.
22). Botnet
Ans: A large group of computers, which are controlled from one or more remote
locations by hackers, without the knowledge or consent of their owners.
23). Breach of contract
Ans: The failure of one party to meet the terms of a contract.
24). Breach of the duty of care
Ans: The failure to act as a reasonable person would act.
25). Breach of warranty
Ans: When a product fails to meet the terms of its warranty.
26). Bribery
Ans: The act of providing money, property, or favors to someone in business or
government in order to obtain a business advantage.
27). Bring your own device (byod)
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Guide Rated A+
1). Acceptable use policy (aup)
Ans: A document that stipulates restrictions and practices that a user must agree in
order to use organizational computing and network resources.
2). Acceptance
Ans: When an organization decides to accept a risk because the cost of avoiding the
risk outweighs the potential loss of the risk. A decision to accept a risk can be extremely
difficult and controversial when dealing with safety-critical systems because making that
determination involves forming personal judgments about the value of human life,
assessing potential liability in case of an accident, evaluating the potential impact on the
surrounding natural environment, and estimating the system's costs and benefits.
3). Advanced persistent threat (apt)
Ans: A network attack in which an intruder gains access to a network and stays there
—undetected—with the intention of stealing data over a long period of time (weeks or
even months).
4). Agile development
Ans: A software development methodology in which a system is developed in
iterations lasting from one to four weeks. Unlike the waterfall system development
model, agile development accepts the fact that system requirements are evolving and
cannot be fully understood or defined at the start of the project.
5). Agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (trips)
Ans: An agreement of the World Trade Organization that requires member
governments to ensure that intellectual property rights can be enforced under their laws
and that penalties for infringement are tough enough to deter further violations.
6). American recovery and reinvestment act
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 48
, Ans: A wide-ranging act that authorized $787 billion in spending and tax cuts over a
10-year period and included strong privacy provisions for electronic health records, such
as banning the sale of health information, promoting the use of audit trails and
encryption, and providing rights of access for patients.
7). Annualized loss expectancy (ale)
Ans: The estimated loss from a potential risk event over the course of a year. The
following equation is used to calculate the annual loss expectancy: ARO × SLE = ALE.
Where ARO is the annualized rate of occurrence, an estimate of the probability that this
event will occur over the course of a year and SLE is the single loss expectancy, the
estimated loss that would be incurred if the event happens.
8). Annualized rate of occurrence (aro)
Ans: An estimate of the probability that a risk event will occur over the course of a
year.
9). Anonymous expression
Ans: The expression of opinions by people who do not reveal their identity.
10). Anonymous remailer service
Ans: A service that allows anonymity on the Internet by using a computer program
that strips the originating header and/or IP address from the message and then
forwards the message to its intended recipient.
11). Anti-slapp laws
Ans: Laws designed to reduce frivolous SLAPPs (strategic lawsuit against public
participation (SLAPP), which is a lawsuit filed by corporations, government officials, and
others against citizens and community groups who oppose them on matters of
concern).
12). Antivirus software
Ans: Software that scans for a specific sequence of bytes, known as a virus signature,
that indicates the presence of a specific virus.
Artificial intelligence systems
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 48
, 13).
Ans: The people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to
develop computer systems and machines that can simulate human intelligence
processes, including learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the
information), reasoning (using rules to reach conclusions), and self-correction (using the
outcome from one scenario to improve its performance on future scenarios).
14). Audit committee
Ans: A group that provides assistance to the board of directors in fulfilling its
responsibilities with respect to the oversight of the quality and integrity of the
organization's accounting and reporting practices and controls, including financial
statements and reports; the organization's compliance with legal and regulatory
requirements; the qualifications, independence, and performance of the company's
independent auditor; and the performance of the company's internal audit team.
15). Avoidance
Ans: The elimination of a vulnerability that gives rise to a particular risk in order to
avoid the risk altogether. This is the most effective solution but often not possible due to
organizational requirements and factors beyond an organization's control.
16). Bathsheba syndrome
Ans: The moral corruption of people in power, which is often facilitated by a tendency
for people to look the other way when their leaders act inappropriately.
17). Best practice
Ans: A method or technique that has consistently shown results superior to those
achieved with other means and that is used as a benchmark within a particular industry.
18). Bill of rights
Ans: The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution that spell out
additional rights of individuals.
PaperStoc.com Page 3 of 48
, 19). Black-box testing
Ans: A type of dynamic testing that involves viewing the software unit as a device that
has expected input and output behaviors but whose internal workings are unknown (a
black box).
20). Blended threat
Ans: A sophisticated threat that combines the features of a virus, worm, Trojan horse,
and other malicious code into a single payload.
21). Body of knowledge
Ans: An agreed-upon sets of skills and abilities that all licensed professionals must
possess.
22). Botnet
Ans: A large group of computers, which are controlled from one or more remote
locations by hackers, without the knowledge or consent of their owners.
23). Breach of contract
Ans: The failure of one party to meet the terms of a contract.
24). Breach of the duty of care
Ans: The failure to act as a reasonable person would act.
25). Breach of warranty
Ans: When a product fails to meet the terms of its warranty.
26). Bribery
Ans: The act of providing money, property, or favors to someone in business or
government in order to obtain a business advantage.
27). Bring your own device (byod)
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