bio 1108 exam 1 (herrick) LATEST 2024 WITH
200+ EXPERT CERTIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS I ALREADY GRADED A+
populations - ANSWERS-interbreeding groups of organisms of the same species
living in the same geographical area
what are two main sources that lead to genetic variation? - ANSWERS-mutation
and recombination
what can somatic mutations lead to? - ANSWERS-cancer, disease and even death
to an INDIVIDUAL
what can germ line mutations lead to? - ANSWERS-mutations that are passed
down to offspring
recombination; name two ways it can occur - ANSWERS-new alleles may be
generated through crossing over and independent assortment
allele frequency - ANSWERS-rate of occurrences of alleles in a population
gene locus - ANSWERS-the location of a certain gene/allele
allele - ANSWERS-a form of a gene; one copy of a gene
,example: A, a
how is genetic variation measured? - ANSWERS-through the allele frequency
equation
what are two factors that contribute to phenotype? - ANSWERS-genotype and
environment
species - ANSWERS-individuals that are able to exchange genetic material
gene pool - ANSWERS-all alleles present in individuals of that species
what is the allele frequency equation? - ANSWERS-AF=(# of copies of an
allele)/(total # of alleles in population)
evolution - ANSWERS-change in allele frequency or genotype frequency over time
how is evolution measured? - ANSWERS-examinable physical traits, gel
electrophoresis, DNA sequences;
most importantly: the hardy-weinberg equilibrium
what does the hardy-weinberg equilibrium model describe? - ANSWERS-the
situation in which evolution does NOT occur
, a population in the HW equilibrium meets what requirements? - ANSWERS-1.
closed population (no migration or gene flow)
2. no mutations
3. large population (no genetic drift)
4. random mating (no sexual selection)
5. no natural selection
what is the HW equation? - ANSWERS-p^2 + 2pq + q^2
natural selection occurs when... - ANSWERS-...individuals with certain traits
reproduce more offspring than do individuals without those traits
stabilizing selection - ANSWERS-against the extremes
directional selection - ANSWERS-against one extreme
disruptive selection - ANSWERS-against the mean
STRONG and QUICK
artificial selection - ANSWERS-selection by breeder rather than competition
positive selection - ANSWERS-selection that increases the frequency of a
FAVORABLE allele
negative selection - ANSWERS-selection that decreases the frequency of a
deleterious allele
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