Instrumental Analysis ACS Exam 2023
How to calculate signal to noise
S/N relationships
Beer's Law
Beer's Law Calculations
Hard ionization vs soft ionization
MS: hard ionization sources
MS: hard ionization sources examples
Electron Impact (EI)
EI advantages
EI disadvantages
MS: soft ioniz...
Ans: -MW can be hard to determine
-compatible only with volatiles (GCMS)
-Hard to make negative ions
11). Ms: soft ionization sources
Ans: -processes which impart little residual energy onto the subject molecule and as
such result in little fragmentation
12). Ms: soft ionization sources examples
Ans: -CI
-ESI
-MALDI
13). Chemical ionization (ci)
Ans: -First ionizes a molecular gas which in turn ionizes the molecule of interest. A
"gentler" method of ionization.
-soft
-electron beam creates ions
-proton transfer between reagent gas and the analyte
-gives MW and MW+1 or MW-1
14). Fragmentation in ci
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