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Homonym A word that is speeled and pronounced just like another word but has a different meaning Homographs Words that share the same spelling, regardless of how they are pronounced, and have different meanings Homophones Words that are pronounced the same but may or may not have different spellings Heteronyms/Heterophones Share the same spelling but have different pronunciations and meanings Capitonyms Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings when capitalized Denotative words Point to things Connotative words Deal with mental suggestions that the words convey Tone The author's attitude toward the material and/or the reader Comma splices Appear when a comma joins two sentences Fused sentences Appear when two sentences are run together with no punctuation at all 1st person Talking about oneself 2nd person Talking to another 3rd person Talking about someone or something Expletive A pronoun that doesn't not have an antecedent Relative Pronouns Who, Whom, Whose 1st Person Pronouns I, we, my, our, ours, me, us 2nd Person Pronouns You, your, yours 3rd Person Pronouns He, she, it, they, his, her, hers, its, their, theirs, him, them Adjectives Words that modify or describe nouns or pronouns Adverbs Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs Comparative Form Used to compare two items Superlative Form Used to compare more than two items Comma Used to indicate a brief pause, used to set off dependent clauses and long introductory word groups, to separate words in a series, to set off unimportant material that interrupts the flow of the sentence, and to separate independent clauses joined by conjunctions Semicolons Used to separate two or more closely related independent clauses when a transitional adverb introduces the second clause Colons Used to introduce lists and to emphasis the text that follows Apostrophes Used to show contractions or possession EM Dashes Used to denote sudden breaks in thought or if commas are already used in the sentence for amplification or explanation Italics Used to punctuate the titles of long works or literature, names of periodical publications, musical scores, works of art, and motion picture, tv, and radio programs Capitalize Proper names of persons, places, things, and religious terms, proper adjectives and titles used with proper names Main Idea Basic message, idea, point, concept, or meaning that the author wants to convey to the reader Supporting Details Specific examples, facts, ideas, illustrations, cases, and anecdotes writers use to explain, expand upon and develop the main idea Context Clues Help readers determine the meanings of words with which they are not familiar Context The sentence or sentences that surround a word Roots Basic elements of words Prefixes Affixes that are added to the fronts of words to form derivative words Basic Expository writing Gives information not previously known about a topic or is used to explain or define one. Facts,