SPLH 620 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions

SPLH 620 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions What kind of jobs does the nervous system perform? - Answer-1. Controls body functions 2. Transmits information 3. Receives sensory input from internal and external environments What are the two approaches to the mind-body problem? - Answer-1. Dualism -Mind and body are separate »mind is a uniquely human attribute that is not constrained by physical laws 2. Monism -Mind is a property of a physical nervous system What are the major divisions of the nervous system? - Answer-NS to 1) CNS (brain & spinal cord) NS to 2) PNS (somatic NS with afferent and efferent nerves) (Autonomic NS with afferent and efferent nerves) What are the 4 directional and the 2 locational in the brain. - Answer-1. Anterior (rostral) 2. Posterior (caudal) 3. Ventral (inferior) 4. Dorsal (superior) 1. Ipsilateral 2. Contralateral What are the 3 anatomical planes of the CNS? - Answer-1. Sagittal (divides brain into left and right). 2. Coronal/frontal (divides brain into anterior and posterior). 3. Axial/transverse (divides brain into upper and lower) What are the 2 basic cell types in the CNS? - Answer-1. Neurons (information carriers) 2. Glia (support cells) What do Neuroglia provide and what are the 3 main types? - Answer-Physical support, nutrient flow, nerve "housekeeping" 1. Astrocytes (CNS) 2. Oligodendroglia (CNS) 3. Schwann Cells (PNS) What are the main jobs of the 3 CNS support cells? - Answer-1. Astrocytes: clean up local debris (dead neurons), provide nutrients, regulate chemical composure of extra cellular fluid. 2. Oligodendroglia: provide support for axons, produce myelin sheath. 3. Microglia: smallest glia cells, protect brain from invading microorganisms. What is the main job of the 1 PNS support cell? - Answer-1. Schwann cells: support cells, produce myelin, each cell provides myelin for 1 neuron What is the difference between Schwann Cells and Oligodendroglia? - Answer-1. 1 Oligodendroglia cell produces myelin for the whole axon, whereas 1 schwann cell can only produce myelin for 1 neuron. What are the 3 parts of a typical neuron? - Answer-1. Cell Body (integrates signals) 2. Dendrites (receives signals) 3. Axon (conduit to send signals) What are the different neuron types? - Answer-1. Sensory (afferent): a neuron that detects changes in the environment and sends this information to CNS 2. Motor (efferent): a neuron that controls contraction of a muscle or secretion of gland 3. Interneurons: a neuron located entirely within the CNS How do neurons communication? What are nerve cells surrounded by? - Answer-1. By sending messages through an electrochemical process which involves ions (chemicals in the body that contain an electrical charge). 2. Nerve cells are surrounded by a semipermeable membrane • only allows some ions to pass into the cell What are some of the properties of an AP? - Answer-1. "all or none" event 2. actively propagated down the axon on successive patches of membrane 3. reflects the property of the membrane What are the different membrane potentials before, during, and after an AP? - Answer- Before: Resting Membrane Potential (charge inside neuron is 70 less than outside of cell so -70 mV) During: If RMP moves past the threshold of excitation (-55 mV) , membrane quickly moves to +40 mV and then returns to resting. What is the difference between hyperpolarization and depolarization? - Answer-H: - charge below -70 mV D: + charge above -70 mV