NURS 231 PORTAGE LEARNING Pathophysiology Module 10 Latest Review Exam Q & A 2024 1. A 50 -year-old male presents with stiffness in his joints and a decreased range of motion. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms? A. Osteoarthritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Gout D. Osteoporosis Answer: A. Osteoarthritis Rationale: Osteoarthritis is characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, causing pain and stiffness, particularly in the hip, knee, and thumb joints. 2. A patient is diagnosed with a muscle strain. What is the primary physiological change that occurs in the muscle fibers? A. Hyperplasia B. Atrophy C. Hypertrophy D. Tearing Answer: D. Tearing Rationale: A muscle strain involves the tearing of muscle fibers, which leads to inflammation and pain in the affected area. 3. Which of the following is a common sign of a fracture? A. Crepitus B. Cyanosis C. Clonus D. Cachexia Answer: A. Crepitus Rationale: Crepitus is the grating sound or feeling produced by the friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone, and is commonly associated with fracture s. 4. A patient with a history of chronic steroid use is at increased risk for which musculoskeletal condition? A. Osteoporosis B. Sarcopenia C. Fibromyalgia D. Myasthenia gravis Answer: A. Osteoporosis Rationale: Chronic steroid use can lead to decreased bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis, a condition where bones become brittle and fragile. 5. In rheumatoid arthritis, what type of hypersensitivity reaction is primarily involved? A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV Answer: C. Type III Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis involves a Type III hypersensitivity reaction, where immune complexes are deposited in the synovium of joints, leading to inflammation. 6. Which l aboratory finding is indicative of muscle damage? A. Elevated serum calcium B. Decreased serum potassium C. Elevated creatine kinase D. Decreased serum albumin Answer: C. Elevated creatine kinase Rationale: Creatine kinase is an enzyme fo und in muscle tissue, and elevated levels in the blood can indicate muscle damage or disease. 7. A patient with a suspected autoimmune disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system should be tested for the presence of which antibody? A. Anti -nuclear an tibody (ANA) B. Anti -smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) C. Anti -mitochondrial antibody (AMA) D. Anti -glomerular basement membrane antibody (AGBMA) Answer: A. Anti -nuclear antibody (ANA) Rationale: ANAs are commonly found in patients with autoimmune disorders, including those affecting the musculoskeletal system, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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