Biology 235 - Exam 3 Questions With Verified Answers 2024/2025

Biology 235 - Exam 3 Questions With Verified Answers 2024/2025 What do golgi tendon organs do? - answer- detect changes in muscle tension - when the muscle contracts, the Golgi tendon organ is stimulated, and it sends a signal to the brain to relax the muscle what do spindle muscle cells do? - answer- detect changes in the length of a muscle - if it senses the muscle is lengthening, it sends a signal to contract. if it continues to lengthen, they will eventually stop the signals and the muscle will relax stretch spinal reflex - answermonosynaptic reflex that regulates muscle length through neuronal stimulation - contracts a muscle that is being stretched what type of afferent neuron is involved in the spinal reflex - answer1a sensory afferent neuron why does lactate form from activity of glycolytic muscle cells? - answerGlycolytic (Type 2b) muscle cells produce lactate as a by-product how can lactate be used by other cells - answerLactate IS FUEL. It leaves muscle, enters blood and is used elsewhere for ATP production (using O2) what is the myth regarding lactate/lactic acid? - answerThis lactate is not the cause of muscle fatigue and soreness. Earlier, it was thought that lactate turned acidic (lactic acid) what is the function of creatine phosphate at muscles? - answerRapid release reserve of high- energy. It's used in muscle cells to store energy for sprinting and explosive exercise. how are single and multiunit smooth muscle's innervation different? - answersmooth - the autonomic nervous system innervates a single cell multiunit - densely innervated by autonomic nerve fibers how do gap junctions help single unit smooth muscles coordinate their contraction? - answersynchronizes membrane depolarization and contractions so the muscle contracts as a single unit can you give an example of single unit or multiunit smooth muscle? - answersingle unit - uterus, intestine, bladde multiunit - iris of the eye and arrector pili muscles in the skin which muscle type is more similar to how skeletal muscles are triggered to contract? - answermultiunit Artioventricular valves - answermitral (bicuspid) - located between the left atrium and ventricle tricuspid - valve between right atrium and ventricle aortic valve - answerThe semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. pulmonary valve - answervalve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery chordae tendineae - answerthin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting intercalated discs - answersupport synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue what junctions are at an intercalated disc? - answerThe junctions are Desmosomes (to keep cells from separating) and Gap junctions (allows APs to propagate). basic flow through the heart - answer- Atrial and Ventricular diastole fills the ventricles with blood - Sinoatrial (SA) node starts systole, starting the contraction of the atrium.