McCuistion: Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered Nursing
Process Approach
1.What are the two major categories of lower respiratory tract disorders.: -
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and restrictive
pulmonary disease
2.COPD is caused by airway obstruction which causes....: increased
airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues.
3.causes a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation
or loss of elasticity of the lung.: Restrictive lung disease
4.What is the definition of Asthma: inflammatory disorder of the
airway walls associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction
5.When activated by stimuli, the bronchial airways become inflamed and
edematous, leading to constriction of air passages. This process is related
to which lower respiratory tract disorder?: Asthma
6.Chronic bronchitis definition: Progressive lung disease caused by
smoking or chronic lung infections
7.Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucous secretion result in airway
obstruction. This process is related to which lower respiratory tract
disorder?-
: Chronic bronchitis
8.The bronchioles become obstructed by the breakdown of the epithelium
of the bronchial mucosa. This process is related to which disorder?:
1/
8
, Bronchiec- tasis
9.What may result from the bronchioles becoming obstructed by the
break- down of the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa?: Tissue fibrosis
may result
10.Progressive lung disease where the terminal bronchioles become
plugged with mucus, causing a loss in the fiber and elastin network in the
alveoli.: Em- physema
11.What is the most common risk factor for COPD, especially with
chronic bronchitis and emphysema?: Cigarette smoking
12.Medications frequently prescribed for COPD include:: bronchodilators,
glu- cocorticoids, leukotriene modifiers, expectorants, and antibiotics.
13.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease characterized by periods of
bron- chospasm resulting in wheezing and difficulty breathing.: Bronchial
Asthma
14.Results when the lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic
factors that stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response.: Bronchospasm
15.Cells found in connective tissue throughout the body are directly
involved in the asthmatic response, particularly to extrinsic factors.: Mast
cells (Allergens attach themselves to mast cells and basophils, resulting
in an anti-
gen-antibody reaction on the mast cells in the lung; the mast cells
stimulate the release of chemical mediators such as histamines,
cytokines, serotonin, eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-
A), and leukotrienes)
2/
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