WGU D115 OA READINESS EXAM | 450 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSW ERS WITH EXPLANATIONS (PROFESSOR VERIFIED) | GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION 2024 The FNP u nderstands the following about pyelonephritis: A) Young adults with severe illness may present with altered mental state and absence of fever. B) Patients complain of localized flank/back pain combined with systemic symptoms, such as fever, chills, and nau ses. C) Requires hospitalization for most cases including parenteral antibiotic therapy. D) Requires no follow -up. ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- B) Patients complain of localized flank/back pain combined with systemic symptoms, such as fever, chills, and nauses. Pyelonephritis is characterized by localized flank/back pain, CVA tenderness, combined with systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and nausea. pyelonephritis ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidne y due to bacteria (ex. E. Coli); usually begins as a UTI Early signs of renal damage in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension include which two of the following? (choose 2) A) Increased BUN B) Increase in serum creatinine C) Presence of proteinuria D) Decrease in GFR E) Hematuria F) Elevated A1c ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- C) Presence of proteinuria D) Decrease in GFR The earliest indication of renal damage from diabetes is the presence of microalbuminuria; because o f this all patients with diabetes should have this tested annually. A decrease in GFR is also noted. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by proteinuria, hypertension, edema, and renal insufficiency. proteinuria ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- prote in in the urine; results form increased blood sugar in people with diabetes, as well as high blood pressure, which is a common co -occurring condition in people with diabetes. Typically, the earliest sign of lower -extremity venous insufficiency is: A) edema The earliest signs of venous insufficiency are lower extremity edema, especially after extended periods of standing. B) altered pigmentation C) skin atrophy D) shiny skin ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- A) edema The earliest signs of venous insuffic iency are lower extremity edema, especially after extended periods of standing. A 24-year-old man presents with a 3 -month history of upper abdominal pain. He describes it as an intermittent, centrally located burning feeling in his upper abdomen, most o ften occuring 2 -3 hours after meals. His presentation is most consistent with the clinical presentation of: A) acute gastritis B) gastric ulcer C) duodenal ulcer D) cholecystitis ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- C) duodenal ulcer The pain associated with duodenal ulcers typically improves immediately following meals and returns several hours after a meal. Which of the following is most likely to be found in a 50 -year-old woman with new -onset reflux esophagitis? A) recent initiat ion of estrogen -progestin hormonal therapy B) recent weight loss C) report of melena D) evidence of h. pylori infection ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- A) recent initiation of estrogen -progestin hormonal therapy The use of certain medications including estrogen, progestin, theophylline, calcium channel blockers, and nicotine can results in a decrease in lower esophageal sphincter pressure and worsen GERD. The clinical presentation of acute gouty arthritis affecting the base of the great toe includes: A) slow onset of discomfort over many days B) greatest swelling and pain along the median aspect of the joint C) improvement of symptoms with joint rest D) fever ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- B) greatest swelling and pain along the median aspect of th e joint A typical gout attack is characterized by the sudden onset of severe pain, swelling, warmth, and redness of a joint. The most helpful diagnostic test to perform during acute gouty arthritis is: A) measurement of ESR B) measurement of serum uric acid C) analysis of aspirate from the affected joint D) joint radiography ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- C) analysis of aspirate from the affected joint A synovial fluid test evaluates the presence of urate crystals in the joint fluid. This the most accurate test for diagnosing gout. ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) ------CORRECT ANSWER ---------------
The rate in which it takes for RBC's to settle of f in an unclotted tube. Tests for nonspecific inflammation. Normal rate is 1 ml in 5 min. Changes to the joint during osteoarthritis can typically include all of the following except: A) widening of the joint space B) wearing of articular cartilage C) formation of bone spurs D) thickening of synovial membrane ------CORRECT ANSWER ---------------
A) widening of the joint space In patients with OA, the articular cartilage becomes rough and wears away. Bone spurs often form, and synovial membrane thickens. Consequently the joint space narrows. As a part of the evaluation of patients with OA, the FNP anticipates which laboratory finding? A) anemia of chronic disease B) elevated CRP C) no disease specific laboratory abnormalities D) elevated ANA ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- C) no disease specific laboratory abnormalities Because OA is typically a non -inflammatory disease, laboratory abnormalities are usually not seen. CRP (C -reactive protein) ------CORRECT ANSWER --------------- A substance produced by the liver that increases in the presence of inflammation in the body. normal results less than 3 -10 mg/L
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