Animal Physiology Nutrition, Feeding and Digestion Exam Questions with Correct Answers

What is Animal Physiology? - ANSWER-it is the study of how animals function; the mechanisms involved in physiological process; the potential adaptive significance of physiology processes Why must animals eat? - ANSWER-animals must acquire, ingest and absorb nutritional components because of the dynamic state of body constituents (The dynamic state of body constituents refers to the fact that the atoms in an animal's body are in dynamic exchange with the atoms in the animal's environment. Molecular constituents in the body are formed, broken down and rebuilt. Cells are formed, damaged, age and die. New atoms must be acquired for physiological processes to continue. Also, animals must eat because the chemical-bond energy used in metabolism cannot be reused to do any work) and to resupply cells and tissues with needed are materials What is nutrition? - ANSWER-the study of chemical components that compose animals, how animals synthesize the chemical components of their bodies from the chemical materials they collect from their environment and the study of energy available from foods. Why are proteins considered "foremost" in terms of structure and functions of animals? - ANSWER-Proteins make up half the organic matter in humans and have a significant role in humans structure and function. Their function include enzymes to speed functions of chemical reaction, muscle proteins for locomotion, structural protein for cell structure and membrane protein for receptors. What are proteins distinguished by? - ANSWER-the presence of Nitrogen is limited and the source of N for nonessential aa's is N from other aa's and the fact that they are not stored because of this, a whole pipeline of protein can be halted if the body os missing one amino acid and can lead to deficiencies in specific aa's and wastage of available essential aa's How should animals ingest proteins? - ANSWER-they should eat a diversity of amino acids at every meal. They could be ingested plentifully to provide excess aa's for the synthesis of nonessential aa's Defining characteristics of lipids. - ANSWER-organic molecules composed of hydrocarbon backbones and are predominantly non polar and therefore hydrophobic; biochemical flexibility, can be synthesized by using a variety of organic carbon chains from proteins, carbs, dietary lipids; can be stored for later use; exceeds protein and carbs on the energy value per unit of weight