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ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
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ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDSThe Nature of Electric Charge
Charging by Induction
Charging by induction is a method of charging an object without
physical contact.
It involves bringing a charged object close to an uncharged object,
causing a separation of charge within the uncharged object.
The charged object is then removed, leaving the uncharged object with
an opposite charge.
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's law is an equation that describes the force between two
charged objects.
The force is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
The equation is: F = k * |q1 * q2| / r^2
Where F is the force, q1 and q2 are the charges, r is the distance
between the charges, and k is a constant.
Electric Fields and Lines
, An electric field is a region around a charged object in which other
charged objects experience a force.
Electric field lines are imaginary lines that originate from positive
charges and terminate at negative charges.
The direction of the field is tangent to the field line at any point.
The electric field strength is proportional to the number of lines passing
through a given area.
Electric Flux and Dipoles
Electric flux is the amount of electric field passing through a given area.
An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges separated by a
small distance.
The electric field of a dipole decreases rapidly with distance and the
angle between the line connecting the charges and the point of
interest.
Gauss's Law and Application
Gauss's law is a method for calculating the electric field due to a
charged object or distribution of charges.
It states that the total electric flux out of a closed surface is equal to the
charge enclosed divided by the permittivity of space.
Gauss's law can be used to calculate the electric field for symmetrical
charge distributions.
Conductors and Insulators
Conductors are materials that allow charge to flow easily.
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