Exam (elaborations)

CHEM 441A Spring 2024 Exam #1 Study Guide – Chapters 2, 3, 4.1, and 4.2

0 purchase

Course
CHEM441A (CHEM441A)

Institution
Abacus College, Oxford

CHEM 441A Spring 2024 Exam #1 Study Guide – Chapters 2, 3, 4.1, and 4.2/CHEM 441A Spring 2024 Exam #1 Study Guide – Chapters 2, 3, 4.1, and 4.2/CHEM 441A Spring 2024 Exam #1 Study Guide – Chapters 2, 3, 4.1, and 4.2/CHEM 441A Spring 2024 Exam #1 Study Guide – Chapters 2, 3, 4.1, and 4.2

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 19 pages

View example

Uploaded on April 13, 2024
Number of pages 19
Written in 2023/2024
Type Exam (elaborations)
Contains Questions & answers

chem 441a spring 2024 exam 1 study guide

Institution
Abacus College, Oxford
Education Unknown
Course
CHEM441A (CHEM441A)

VEVA2K

Member since 4 year 2786 documents sold

372

127

101

$23.99

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

CHEM 441A Spring 2024

Exam #1 Study Guide – Chapters 2, 3, 4.1, and 4.2

2.1 Energy conversion in biological systems

🞐 Understand the similarities and differences between steady state, homeostasis, and equilibrium 🞐
Be familiar with the characteristics of oxidation and reduction reactions
Can you quickly determine the reduced vs. oxidized molecules in a reaction scheme?

Oxidation reactions decrease the number of hydrogens and increase the oxygens; loss of electrons

Reduction increase hydrogens and decrease the number of oxygens; gain of electrons

🞐 Explain the first and second law of thermodynamics
🞐 Qualitatively and quantitatively describe Gibbs free energy
🞐 Use Gibbs free energy to predict the spontaneity of biochemical processes
Do you know whether enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy are favorable or unfavorable based on the sign of the term
(positive/negative)? Can you describe each situation appropriately (e.g., exothermic/endothermic, endergonic/exergonic,
etc.)?

B

Can you classify a process as spontaneous vs. non-spontaneous given the favorability/unfavorability of the enthalpy and
entropy terms? Can you predict temperature-dependent spontaneity?

Refer to the table above. If temperature increases, it is non-spontaneous. If temperature decreases, it is spontaneous.

🞐 Relate: mass-action ratio, equilibria constants, actual free energy changes, biochemical standard free energy 🞐
Explain thermodynamic coupling and its role in facilitating biological endergonic reactions 🞐 Provide chemical

,arguments for the thermodynamic spontaneity of ATP hydrolysis and its kinetic stability Can you list reasons for
the thermodynamic favorability of ATP hydrolysis?

Entropy is favored because more products, charge separation, and the resonance is better in inorganic
phosphate

🞐 Calculate the energy charge of a cell and understand its meaning for the energy state of a cell Do you
understand adenylate recycling and the relationship between [ATP], [ADP], and [AMP] in the cell?

2.2 Water is critical for life processes

🞐 Identify hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors
🞐 Differentiate among hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and van der Waals interactions Can you predict the most likely
type of interaction that would occur between the sidechains of any two given amino acids?

Hydrogen bonds- acceptors: N, O donors: N-H, O-H
Ionic- between two opposite charges
Van der Waals- occur between two induced dipoles of neutral molecules and are distance dependent

🞐 Explain the concept of the hydrophobic effect and how it impacts protein folding
Can you explain the hydrophobic effect (using protein folding as a model) by describing the contributions of enthalpy and
entropy?

, 🞐 Explain the effects of hypotonic/isotonic/hypertonic solutions on cells
🞐 Calculate [H+] or [OH-] given [OH-] or [H+]
🞐 Relate pH to [H+] and [OH-]
🞐 Differentiate between weak acids and strong acids and weak bases and strong bases
Can you describe the relationship between acid strength, pKa value, and [H+]? Do you understand the log scale (p)?

pH= pKa, more acidic = lower pKa = more protonated, over 7= basic, under 7= acidic

🞐 Relate pH to pKa and the molar ratio of conjugate pairs using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation 🞐
Navigate titration curves for mono- and polyprotic acids
Are you able to draw the predominant species at a given pH for simple molecules? Could you explain the relationship
between conjugate pairs at conditions of pH = pKa?

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller VEVA2K. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $23.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

69052 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling

Exam (elaborations)

CHEM 441A Spring 2024 Exam #1 Study Guide – Chapters 2, 3, 4.1, and 4.2

Document information

Subjects

Written for

Seller

Reviews received

Content preview