NR325 Exam 1 2023
Hypothyroidism
is a deficiency of thyroid hormone that causes a general slowing of the metabolic rate.
-more common in women
Primary hypothyroidism
caused by destruction of thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
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Hypothyroidism
is a deficiency of thyroid hormone that causes a general slowing of the metabolic rate.
-more common in women
Primary hypothyroidism
caused by destruction of thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
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Secondary hypothyroidism
is caused by pituitary disease with decreased TSH secretion or hypothalamic dysfunction with
decreased thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion.
most common cause of hypothyroidism
iodine deficiency
Hashimoto's thyroiditis Graves' disease
thyroidectomy
RAI therapy
Drugs(amiodarone/lithium)
Manifestations of hypothyroidism
Everything slows!!
tired
lethargic
personality changes
impaired memory
slowed speech
decreased initiative
weight gain
depression
SOB on exertion
low exercise tolerance
anemia
myxedema
cold and dry skin
hoarseness
hair loss
constipation
, cold intolerance
Complications of hypothyroidism
myxedema coma
myxedema coma
medical emergency
-precipitated by infection, drugs , exposure to cold, and trauma.
-subnormal temperature, hypotension, and hypoventilation.
TX: IV thyroid hormone replacement
Labs for hypothyroidism
TSH: high
T4: low
-thyroid antibodies
Treatment for hypothryoidism
Levothyroxine: start at a low dose, lifelong therapy
-low-calorie diet
Hyperthyroidism
hyperactivity of the thyroid gland with sustained increase in synthesis and release of thyroid
hormones.
-more common in women
Causes of hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease
toxic nodular goiter
thyroiditis
excess iodine intake
pituitary tumors
thyroid cancer
thyrotoxicosis
physiologic effects or clinical syndrome of hypermetabolism resulting from excess circulating
levels of T4, T3, or both.
Graves' disease
an autoimmune disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse thyroid enlargement and
excess thyroid hormone secretion
-antibodies against TSH
Manifestations of hyperthyroidism
Everything is HYPER!
goiter
exophthalmos
increased appetitie
thirst
weight loss
spleenomegaly/heptomegaly
insomnia
rapid speech
smooth/moist skin
thin/brittle nails
clubbing
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