NU 650 EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
How are clinical encounters approached?
Both clinician-centered and patient-centered
What is the sequence of the clinical encounter?
Initiating the encounter
Gathering information
Performing a physical examination
Explaining and planning
Closing the...
NU 650 EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
How are clinical encounters approached?
Both clinician-centered and patient-centered
What is the sequence of the clinical encounter?
Initiating the encounter
Gathering information
Performing a physical examination
Explaining and planning
Closing the encounter
What steps should be taken when initiating the encounter?
Set the stage
Adjust the environment
Review the clinical record
Set your agenda
Greet the patient and establish initial rapport
Identify patient title, name, and preferred gender pronouns
Establish rapport
What steps should be taken during the gathering information stage?
Establish the agenda for the patient encounter
Invite the patient's story
Gather information about the patient's perspective of illness
Identify and respond to emotional cues
Gather information regarding the biomedical perspective, background information and context
What is a social determinant of health?
The circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, and the systems put in place
to deal with illness
What is implicit bias?
set of unconscious beliefs or associations that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of
their perceived group identity
What is explicit bias?
refers to the attitudes and beliefs we have about a person or group on a conscious level
What are some skills clinicians can use to mitigate the impact of bias in their clinical encounters?
Reflect on patterns of emotions and behavior
Pause before beginning and encounter and prepare for potential triggers of bias
Generate alternative hypothesis for biases anchored in behavior
Practice universal communication and interpersonal skills
Explore your patients' identities
, Explore your patients' experience of bias
What is cultural humility?
A process that requires humility as individuals continually engage in self-reflection and self-critique as
lifelong learners and reflective practitioners
What are the three dimensions of cultural humility?
Self-awareness
Respectful communication
Collaborative partnerships
What elements constitute decisional capacity?
The capability to communicate a choice
Understand the relevant information
Appreciate the situation and consequences
Reason about treatment options
What is active listening?
Carefully attending to what the patient is communicating, connecting to the patient's emotional state,
and using verbal and nonverbal skills to encourage the patient to expand on his or her feelings and
concerns.
What are ways to guide questions?
Move from open-ended questions to focused ones
Use questions that elicit a graded response
Ask a series of questions one at a time
Offer multiple choices for answers
Clarify what the patient means
Encourage with continuers
Use echoing/repetition
What is an empathic response?
A response that recognizes the patient's feelings, then actively moves towards an emotional content
What is the purpose of summarization?
It communicates that you have been listening carefully, identifies what you know and don't know, and
allows the patient to add information or clarify others.
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