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MED SURG CMS 2024/2025 (100% verified)
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MED SURG CMS 2024/2025 (100% verified)
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MED SURG CMSSodium acts on the ________ system. - ANSCentral nervous
Potassium acts on the __________ system. - ANScardiac
Lab values: Potassium - ANS3.5-5.0
Lab values: Sodium - ANS135-145
Lab values: Calcium - ANS9-10.5
Lab Values: Creatinine - ANS0.6-1.2
Lab values: BUN - ANS10-20
Lab values: Hemoglobin - ANSMale: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL
Lab values: Hematocrit - ANSMale: 40-54%
Female: 38-47%
Lab Values: WBC - ANS5,000-10,000
Lab Values: RBC - ANS150,000 - 450,000
Hypertonic solution - ANSSolute concentration is GREATER than that inside the cell; cell
loses water
Hypertonic solution use - ANSFluid overload
hypertonic solution example? - ANSDextrose 5% in 0.9 sodium chloride
D10W
isotonic solution - ANSSolute concentration is EQUAL to the solute concentration inside a
cell
Isotonic solution use - ANSBlood or fluid replacement
Isotonic solution example? - ANS0.9 sodium chloride
D5W
Ringers Lactate
hypotonic solution - ANSSolute concentration is LESS than that inside the cell; cell GAINS
water
,Hypotonic solution use - ANSDehydration
Hypotonic solution example? - ANS0.45% sodium chloride
Normal UO for an adult? - ANS30 mL/hr
ABGs: pH range - ANS7.35 - 7.45
ABGs: CO2 range - ANS45 - 35
ABGs: HCO3 range - ANS22 - 26
ABGs: Compensation - ANSIf 2 values are abnormal and the pH is normal = fully comp
If all 3 values are abnormal = partial comp
Example of respiratory acidosis - ANSHypoventilation
COPD
Airway obstruction
Example of respiratory alkalosis - ANSHyperventilation
Example of metabolic acidosis - ANSPersistant diarrhea
DKA
Example of metabolic alkalosis - ANSPersistant vomiting
What is CPAP used for? - ANSContinuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP). A
CPAP machine increases air pressure in your throat so that your airway doesn't collapse
when you breathe in.
COPD symptoms - ANSBarrel chest
Tachypnea (AIR HUNGRY)
Clubbed toes/fingers
Muscle wasting/weight loss
Chronic bronchitis: monitoring - ANSCopious sputum
Lung cancer: monitoring - ANSHemoptysis
Weight loss
Tuberculosis: monitoring - ANSNight sweats, low grade fever
Bloody sputum
Anorexia
Malaise
Pneumothorax is when? - ANSair enters pleural cavity disrupting neg pressure and
collapses lung
, What do you do if the chest tube gets disconnected? - ANSPlace in sterile water
What do you do if the chest tube gets pulled out of patient? - ANSCover incision with sterile
dressing and cover 3 sides only
Bronchoscopy: pre op - ANSNPO 8 hrs before
Local analgesic throat spray
Pt positioned upright
Bronchoscopy: post op - ANSAssess gag reflex
Bleeding
Respiratory status
Thoracentesis: documentation - ANSClient response
Fluid color
Fluid amount
Fluid viscosity
NG tube uses - ANSDecompression
Nutrition
Specimen collection
How to verify NG placement - ANSX-ray initially
Aspirate gastric pH (1.5 - 4)
Assessing aspirated gastric content - ANSBroken down = good - refeed
Nasty/pus = bad - NOTIFY first, do not refeed
* Do not refeed aspirate if content exceeds 100 mL
Medication administration thru NG tube - ANSCrush med > Flush with 30mL > Give med >
Flush w 15 mL b/w each med > Flush w 30 mL last
Dumping syndrome teaching (5) - ANS- High protein and fat diet
- Avoid lactose and sugar
- Small frequent meals
- Consume liquids before and after meals
- Lay down after meals
Healthy stoma appearance - ANSPink, red moist
stoma care - ANSCleanse with mild soap and water (no alcohol, iodine, oil based products)
Empty when its 1/4 to 1/2 full.
Colostomy Dietary Considerations - ANSLow residual, avoid high fiber food
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