GT Praxis - Identification & Assessment of Gifted Students Questions and Answers

validity the quality of being accurate and measuring what is supposed to be assessed. reliability The extent to which assessments are consistent. mean the average score median the middle score mode the score most often present raw score the unaltered measurement scaled score raw scores transformed into a consistent form of measure to compare across other assessments or data points. stanine a method of scaling test scores on a nine-point standard scale with a mean of five and a standard deviation of two. percentile a value on a scale of 100 that indicates the percent of a distribution that is equal to or below it. normal distribution an arrangement of a data set in which most values cluster in the middle of the range and the rest taper off symmetrically toward either extreme. (bell curve) standard deviation measure how far typical values tend to be from the mean standard error of measurement estimates how repeated measures of a person on the same instrument tend to be distributed around his or her "true" score. The true score is always an unknown because no measure can be constructed that provides a perfect reflection of the true score. grade-equivalent scores test performance scores in terms of a grade level and the months since the beginning of the school year. Example 4.3 is 4th grade 3rd month.