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Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice 2024/2025 already graded A+
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Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice 2024/2025 already graded A+
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Penn Foster Pharmacology ProctorExam Practice
Indications - ANSreasons for giving a drug
contraindications - ANSreasons to not give a drug
legend drugs - ANSdrugs that have the ability to cause serious harm if misused, must be
regulated by the FDA as prescription drugs.
Contain a caution statement "caution federal law restricts the use of this drug to use/by/or on
the order of a licensed veterinarian."
veterinarian client relationship - ANSvet takes responsibility for making decisions based on
need for treatment and the client agreeing to follow the vets' instructions. Decision must be
made with a sufficient amount of information of the animal.
regimen - ANSplan for drug administration, printed on medication label
ROUTE: of administration
DOSAGE: amount of drug given
FREQUENCY: how often to give drug
DURATION: how long to give the drug
t.i.d
q.i.d
b.i.d - ANSthree times a day (ter in die)
four times a day (quater in die)
twice a day (bis in die)
Pharmacokinetics - ANScomplex series of events involving how the body reacts to the
movement of drugs in the body. Occurs after drug administration
Pharmacodynamics - ANSstudy of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and
their mechanism of action in the body.
Routes of Administration (11) - ANSoral: mouth
intravenous: vein
intramuscular: muscle
subcutaneous: tissue beneath skin
intradermal: skin
intraperitoneal: abdominal cavity
intraarterial: artery
intraarticular: joint
, intracardiac: heart
intramedullary: marrow (bone)
epidural/subdural: spine/near spine
nebulizer - ANSdevice that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory
treatment
(to kill small organisms or open lungs)
metered-dose inhaler - ANShandheld device that produces a medicated spray for inhalation.
anesthetic gases - ANSgaseous forms given with vaporizers
transdermal (topical) drugs - ANSdrugs placed on the skin (patch) allowing slow absorption
over time
concentration gradient - ANSdrugs moving from areas of higher concentration to lower
concentration
Bioavailability - ANSmeasures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is available to
patient
water-soluble drugs - ANSDrugs that dissolve in water and tend to stay in the bloodstream
and either stay free or bond to various proteins (albumin)
lipid-soluble drugs - ANSdrugs absorbed by bodily fats and move out of the bloodstream into
the interstitial space (between organs and tissues)
fat, liver, bone, and kidneys act as storage sites for these drugs.
placenta - ANSblood brain barrier preventing blood from entering the brain tissues. may also
interfere with the absorption of certain drugs. provides nutrients to fetus.
drug excretion - ANSthe process of eliminating medications, through the liver (bile), kidneys
(urine), but also through mammary glands, sweat, feces, and saliva.
residues - ANSdrugs that will appear in the animal's milk or meat products, can cause
allergic reactions or cause bacteria to become resistant to certain antibiotics. can result in
cancer.
efficacy - ANSdegree to which desired effect is achieved
potency - ANSamount of drug needed to produce desired effect.
represented by a dose-responsive curve
lethal dose (LD50) - ANSDose that's lethal to kill 50% of animals given that drug
effective dose (ED50) - ANSDose that produced the desired effect in 50% of animals given
that drug
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