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Pharmacology Nervous System - Penn Foster Veterinary Technician 2024/2025 A+ grade assured
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Pharmacology Nervous System - Penn Foster Veterinary Technician 2024/2025 A+ grade assured
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Pharmacology Nervous System - PennFoster Veterinary Technician
What is the indication for a drug? - ANSreasons for giving a drug to a patient
What does it mean when a drug is contraindicated? - ANSreasons not to give a drug to a
patient
What sentence is added to prescription drug labels by the FDA? - ANS"Caution: Federal law
restricts the use of this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian"
What is required by a vet to prescribe medications? - ANSa valid veterinarian-clent
relationship limited to the following factors:
1. the vet has assumed responsibility for making clinical judgments about the health of the
animal and need for tx
2. the vet as sufficient knowledge of the animal to issue a diagnosis
3. the vet must be available for follow-up evaluations of the paient
Define over-the-counter drugs - ANSdon't require the supervision of a veterinarian
What is the regimen of a drug? - ANSThe plan for administration and includes:
king of drug
route of administration
dosage
frequency
duration
Define phamacokinetics - ANSthe complex series of events that occurs once a drug is
administered to the patient
Define ID, IP, IA, Intraarticular, Intracaridac, Intramedullary, epidural/subdural. -
ANS-Intradermal (ID), which is an injection into the skin, used for testing for allergies
-Intraperitoneal (IP), which is an injection into the abdominal cavity
-Intraarterial (IA), which is an injection into an artery
-Intraarticular, which is an injection into a joint
Intracardiac, which is an injection into the heart
-Intramedullary, which is an injection into the bone marrow cavity
-Epidural/subdural, which is an injection into the spine (epidural) or near the spine (subdural)
Define bioavailablity - ANSthe amount of drug that gets absorbed and is avaiable to the
patient
, Define the blood-brain barrier - ANSthe barrier that prevents blood from entering brain
tissues
Where do water-soluble drugs go in the body? - ANSthey tend to stay in the blood-stream
where they can be bound to various proteins (such as albumin) or remain free
Where do lipid-soluble drugs go in the body? - ANSthey are absorbed by the bodily fats (or
lipids) and tend to move out of the bloodstream into the interstitial fluid or tissue areas
Define metabolism - ANSchemical changes that release energy for the anima's bodily
processes which yields a metabolite (what's produced by metabolism)
Define the four processes of transformation - ANS1. Oxidation: the loss of electrons in the
drug's chemical makeup
2. Reduction: the gain of electrons in the drug's chemical makeup
3. Hydrolysis: the splitting of the drug's molecule and the addition of water molecules to each
split portion
4. Conjugation: joining together two compounds (the drug molecule and glucuronic acid) to
make another compound that dissolves more quickly in water
Where do drugs excrete and how? - ANSPrimarily through the liver (via bile which is a liquid
that helps in the digestion of fats) or the kidneys (via urine which is the waste fluid produced
by the kidneys).
Some may be excreted by the mammary glands via milk, the lungs, the GI tract, sweat
glands, the saliva, or through the skin
Define residues - ANSdrugs that appear in the anima's milk or meat products
Define half-life - ANSthe time it takes for half of the drug to be removed from the animal's
system
Define pharmacodynamics - ANSthe study of the mechanisms by which drugs produce
physiological changes in the body
Define agonists - ANSdrugs that attach to certain receptors and cause-specific actions
Define antagonists - ANSdrugs that block those receptors from being acted on
Define efficacy - ANSthe degree to which a drug produces its desired effect
Define potency - ANSthe amount of drug needed to produce the desired effect and is
represented by a dose on a dose-response curve
Define lethal dose - ANSthe dose of a drug that's lethal to 50% of the animals given the drug
Define effective dose - ANSthe dose of a drug that produces the desired effect in 50% of the
animals given that drug
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