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Samenvatting Deel II toxico
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Dit is een korte samenvatting van de essentie (wat te kennen is voor het examen) van het tweede deel van de cursus toxicologie van J. Tytgat.
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TOXICOLOGIE DEEL IIINHOUD
1. Ethanol...................................................................................................................................................................5
a. Symptomatologie van de intoxicate.................................................................................................................5
De acute intoxicate = het dronkenschap..........................................................................................................5
De chronische intoxicate = het alcoholisme.....................................................................................................5
b. Complicates van het alcoholisme.....................................................................................................................6
c. Absorpte en distribute van alcohol na een eenmalig alcoholverbruik............................................................6
d. Afraak en eliminate van alcohol.....................................................................................................................6
Normaal metabolisme: niet microsomaal systeem..........................................................................................7
Bij alcoholici: MEOS...........................................................................................................................................7
e. Behandeling.......................................................................................................................................................7
Acute vergifiging..............................................................................................................................................7
Chronische vergifiging......................................................................................................................................7
f. Bepaling van het bloedalcoholgehalte...............................................................................................................7
g. Berekening BAC.................................................................................................................................................8
h. Bepaling BAC door bepaling van ethanol in de uitademingslucht....................................................................8
2. Methanol en formaldehyde..................................................................................................................................9
a. Symptomen van de vergifiging.........................................................................................................................9
Methanol...........................................................................................................................................................9
Formaldehyde...................................................................................................................................................9
b. Mechanisme van de toxiciteit...........................................................................................................................9
Methanol...........................................................................................................................................................9
Formaldehyde...................................................................................................................................................9
c. Behandeling van de vergifiging........................................................................................................................9
3. Lood.....................................................................................................................................................................10
a. Ethiologie van de loodvergifiging...................................................................................................................10
Huishoudelijke vergifiging..............................................................................................................................10
Industriële blootstelling..................................................................................................................................10
Blootstelling via atmosferische luchtpollute..................................................................................................10
b. Metabolisme van lood.....................................................................................................................................10
absorpte.........................................................................................................................................................10
Distribute........................................................................................................................................................10
Excrete............................................................................................................................................................10
c. Fysiologisch werkingsmechanisme van loodvergifiging.................................................................................11
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, d. Symptomen van de loodvergifiging...............................................................................................................11
Acute vergifiging............................................................................................................................................11
Chronische vergifiging (saturnisme, plumbisme)..........................................................................................11
e. Behandeling saturnisme..................................................................................................................................11
f. Analyse van metalen in de toxicologie.............................................................................................................11
4. Barbituraat hypnotca.........................................................................................................................................13
a. werkingsmechanisme......................................................................................................................................13
b. Etologie van de vergifiging............................................................................................................................13
c. Symptomatologie van de vergifiging..............................................................................................................13
Acute vergifiging............................................................................................................................................13
Chronische vergifiging....................................................................................................................................14
d. Behandeling van de vergifiging......................................................................................................................14
Acute vergifiging............................................................................................................................................14
Chronische vergifiging....................................................................................................................................14
e. Risico’s en interactes......................................................................................................................................14
5. Benzodiazepines..................................................................................................................................................15
a. Relatoneel en metabool verband...................................................................................................................15
b. Gebruik............................................................................................................................................................15
c. Werkingsmechanisme.....................................................................................................................................15
d. Toxiciteit..........................................................................................................................................................15
e. Symptomatologie van de vergifiging.............................................................................................................15
6. Niet-barbituurzure hypnotca..............................................................................................................................16
a. Gluthetmide....................................................................................................................................................16
Symptomatologie van de acute vergifiging...................................................................................................16
b. Methaqualon...................................................................................................................................................16
Symptomatologie van de acute vergifiging...................................................................................................16
c. Thalidomide.....................................................................................................................................................16
Symptomatologie van de acute vergifiging...................................................................................................16
d. Derde generate van hypnotca.......................................................................................................................16
Zopiclone.........................................................................................................................................................16
zolpidem..........................................................................................................................................................17
7. Nicotne...............................................................................................................................................................18
a. Symptomen van de vergifiging.......................................................................................................................18
Acute vergifiging............................................................................................................................................18
Chronische vergifiging....................................................................................................................................18
b. Metabolisme van nicotne...............................................................................................................................19
c. De E-sigaret......................................................................................................................................................19
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,8. Methylxanthines..................................................................................................................................................20
a. Voorkomen en gebruik....................................................................................................................................20
cafeine.............................................................................................................................................................20
theobromine....................................................................................................................................................20
theofylline.......................................................................................................................................................20
b. Werking van methylxanthines........................................................................................................................20
Cellulaire werking van cafeïne........................................................................................................................20
c. Toxiciteit van methylxanthines........................................................................................................................21
Intoxicate........................................................................................................................................................21
d. Absorpte en excrete......................................................................................................................................21
9. Atropine en de antcholinergica..........................................................................................................................22
a. Etologie...........................................................................................................................................................22
b. Werking...........................................................................................................................................................22
c. Symptomen van de vergifiging.......................................................................................................................22
10. Niet-narcotsche analgetca...............................................................................................................................24
a. Salicylaten........................................................................................................................................................24
vergifiging.......................................................................................................................................................24
b. Aniline afgeleiden............................................................................................................................................24
Metabolisme van paracetamol.......................................................................................................................24
Intoxicate met paracetamol...........................................................................................................................25
c. Pyrazolonderivaten..........................................................................................................................................25
d. Glafenine.........................................................................................................................................................25
Toxiciteit..........................................................................................................................................................25
e. NSAID...............................................................................................................................................................25
Systematek.....................................................................................................................................................25
toxiciteit...........................................................................................................................................................26
11. Narcotsche analgetca......................................................................................................................................27
a. Natuurlijke alkaloïden.....................................................................................................................................27
b. Semi-synthetsche opium derivaten...............................................................................................................27
c. Synthetsche opium derivaten.........................................................................................................................27
d. etologie...........................................................................................................................................................27
e. Symptomatologie van de vergifiging.............................................................................................................27
Acute vergifiging............................................................................................................................................27
Chronische intoxicate = de verslaving............................................................................................................27
f. Behandeling van de opiaatafankelijkheid......................................................................................................28
Drastsche en verplichte ontwenning.............................................................................................................28
Gebruik van methadon....................................................................................................................................28
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, g. Metabolisme van heroïne...............................................................................................................................28
h. Metabolisme van codeïne...............................................................................................................................28
12. Amfetamine en afgeleiden................................................................................................................................30
a. Biochemisch werkingsmechanisme en interactes.........................................................................................30
1. Werking op het noradrenerg systeem........................................................................................................30
2. Werking op het dopaminerg systeem.........................................................................................................30
3. Werking op het serotonerg systeem...........................................................................................................30
b. Efecten van de inwerking van amfetamine...................................................................................................30
Beïnvloeding van NA.......................................................................................................................................30
Beïnvloeding via DOP......................................................................................................................................30
c. Gebruik en misbruik van amfetamines............................................................................................................31
Geneeskundig gebruik.....................................................................................................................................31
Amfetamine en doping....................................................................................................................................31
afankelijkheid................................................................................................................................................31
d. Typologie van amfetaminemisbruik................................................................................................................31
13. Cocaine..............................................................................................................................................................32
a. Wijze van gebruik............................................................................................................................................32
b. Efecten van cocaïne en behandeling cocaïnomanie......................................................................................32
c. Metabolisme van cocaïne................................................................................................................................32
d. Toxiciteit van cocaïne......................................................................................................................................32
Acute toxiciteit................................................................................................................................................32
Chronische toxiciteit........................................................................................................................................32
14. Psychodysleptca...............................................................................................................................................33
a. Indoolalkylaminen...........................................................................................................................................33
Symptomen.....................................................................................................................................................33
b. Fenylethylamines............................................................................................................................................33
c. Cannabis...........................................................................................................................................................33
Opname, distribute en metabolisate van THC..............................................................................................34
d. Diverse substantes.........................................................................................................................................34
15. Koolmonoxide...................................................................................................................................................35
a. Werking CO op het organisme........................................................................................................................35
b. Vergifigingsverschijnselen..............................................................................................................................35
c. Laatjdige gevolgen van de CO-vergifiging en de behandeling.....................................................................35
d. Bepaling van CO..............................................................................................................................................36
Bepaling in lucht..............................................................................................................................................36
Bepaling in bloed.............................................................................................................................................36
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