NRES EXAM 1 Final Study Prep Questions 2024.

NRES EXAM 1 Final Study Prep Questions 2024. How does Leopold's January embody the scientific method? - correct answer Answer: January embodies the scientific method because he is observing the natural world around him, he observes the skunk track, hypothesizes that the skunk is wandering because the natural world is waking up once more, he experiments by following the track and observing all the life that is going on, the hawk, the meadow mouse, muskrat, owletc. He analyzes the skunks motive and movement. And reconsiders the skunks motives. Why does wildlife management need reliable knowledge? - correct answer Answer: Because if you do not have a correct basis your management will be incorrect, non-helpful, and potentially harmful to the wildlife. Review the scientific method. Consider how it is similar to the management cycle - correct answer Answer: Scientific method: Observations (previous information), Hypotheses (multiple) and Predictions, Experimentation, Observation (data), Synthesis and analysis, Reconsider theory, modify if necessary. Management cycle: Assess problem, Design, Implement, Monitor, Evaluate, Adjust. What is the relationship between bias, accuracy and precision? - correct answer Answer: Accuracy: the condition or quality of being true, correct, or exact; freedom from error or defect. We can only estimate accuracy in nature. We can rely on two measures to help us assess our estimation: bias and precision. Precision: A precise estimate is one that has very little uncertainty. If we obtain a precise estimate, we would predict that a second, third, and fourth sampling effort would return a very similar estimate—that is, our results would be very repeatable Statistically, that might mean an estimate with a small standard error, or a narrow 95% confidence interval surrounding the estimate. Bias, on the other hand, describes the match between the estimate and the true value of the parameter (Figure 2.5). Of course, we want our estimate for a parameter to be free of bias. Bias can occur from two sources: small-sample bias and model bias. We will discuss in Chapter 8, for example, how the simple Lincoln-Petersen estimator for population size may be biased at low sample sizes. And, throughout this primer we will refer to assumptions of estimators that relate