Bio 171 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions.

Bio 171 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions. archaea Answer- like bacteria. Are able to live in extreme environment bacteria Answer- microorganisms that are the basis of fermentation & infectious diseases. Typically one-celled, have no chlorophyll, multiply by simple division, & can be seen only with a microscope. They occur in 3 main forms: spherical, rod-shaped, & spiral eukaryote Answer- an organism that uses aerobic cellular respiration to break down compounds including oxygen into cellular energy. A human or animal cell most recent common ancestor Answer- of any set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all organisms in a group are directly descended. prokaryote Answer- an organism lacking a true nucleus: in some systems of biological classification, any of a superkingdom of organisms, including the viruses & monerans phylogenetic tree Answer- a graph illustrating evolutionary relationships among various entities that are known to share a common ancestor nucleic acid Answer- any group of complex compounds found in all living cells & viruses, composed of purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates, & phosphoric acid. Nucleic acids in the form of DNA & RNA control cellular function & heredity DNA Answer- a nucleic acid that contains the genetic code RNA Answer- a long, single-stranded chain of cells that processes protein transcription Answer- the synthesis of messenger RNA from a DNA template through the formation of base pairs, resulting in a transfer of genetic information that codes for amino acid sequences composing proteins translation Answer- the process by which messenger RNA directs the amino acid sequence of the growing polypeptide during protein synthesis tRNA Answer- transfer RNA mRNA Answer- messenger RNA rRNA Answer- ribosomal RNA.