Crime and deviance
- Theories of crime
- Trends in crime → class, gender, ethnicity
- Crime control
- Globalisation and crime
Paper 3
- 4 marks
- 6 marks
- 10 marks
- 30 marks
--------------------------
- 10 explain - research methods
- 20 - theory and methods
2011 uk riots
What hap...
Crime and deviance paper 3 Sociology (Franklin College)
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lOMoARcPSD|40099155 Crimeanddeviance
- Theoriesofcrime
- Trendsincrime →class,gender,ethnicity
- Crimecontrol
- Globalisationandcrime
Paper3
- 4marks
- 6marks
- 10marks
- 30marks
--------------------------
- 10explain-researchmethods
- 20-theoryandmethods
2011ukriots
Whathappened?
- Alargesocialunrestin2011
- Apoliceofficerdiedbybeingstabbedwithaknifeand
machete
- Thursday4thaugust-britishblackmalewasshotin
tottenhambythepolice(supposedlyshotfirstatthepolice)
familyclaimedhedidn'thaveafirearmandtheseclaims
weremadefromthepolicetocoveruphismurder:police
don'ttrustthecommunityandviceversa
- Saturday6thaugust-policecouldn'tcommunicatewith
peopleprotestingoverthedeath;40people(blackyoung
women,familyandkids)stoodintheroadtogettheirpoint
across,morepeoplejoinedgettingangrierandangrier
- Policecarsweresetonfireoutsidethestation,shopswere
looted,ondayoneinHaringeyanumberof278offences
werecommitted.
- Sunday7thaugust:enfieldandothernorthlondonboroughs
werebeinglootedinriotscontinuedWhatexplanationsaregivenfor
why?
- Peopleriotbecausetheyfeel
theyhavenostakeinsociety
anddon'tfeelapartofsociety
- Peoplegotinvolvedfrom
communitieswhoalreadyhada
badrelationshipwiththepolice
andtookthisasanopportunity
toexpresstheirangerand
frustration.
- Communitiesgettogetherto
supporteachother
- Thiswasonlyanopportunity
forcriminalstolootandrob.
SocialControl = referstothemethodsusedtoensureindividualsconformto society'snormsandvalues
Formalsocialcontrol
- writtenrules/sanctions
- education
- workplace
- religionInformalsocialcontrol
- unwrittenrules/sanctions
- family
- peergroup
- media
Formalagencies/institutionsofsocialcontrol:
- Police
- Courts,- Prisons,probationservice
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lOMoARcPSD|40099155 Socialconstructionofcrime
MURDER:intent
Manslaughter:nointent
WarCrime:killingsomeoneunarmedandsurrendered
- Sameactinadifferentcontextcanbeacrime
Newburn-acrimeisalabelthatisattachedtocertainformso fbehaviourwhichareprohibited(banned)bythe
stateandhavesomelegalpenaltyagainstthem.
Thisdependsontheviewsocietyhasofanact/behaviour.
Usedtobecriminalbutnomore
- Homosexuality
- AbortionsNowcriminal,didn'tusetobe
- Capitalpunishments
- Smokingincars/indoorpublic
place
- Usingphoneincar/no
seatbelt/drinkdriving
- Discrimination
- Childlabour
Othersociety/culture
- Assistedsuicide
- Euthinasia
- Legalage →drinking,
marriage,driving
- Arrangedmarriages
- Gunownership
Deviance
Crime-anactagainstthelaw
Deviant-actsthatgoagainst
socialnorms/values.Canbe:
- Criminal- Non-criminal
Deviantnotcriminal
- Prostitution
- Notqueueing
- Walkingdownthestreet
withglassofwaternota
bottle
Criminalnotdeviant
- Middlelanehogging
- Tootingyourhorn- Beingdrunkinapub
Typesofdeviance
- Societaldeviance:acts
mostmembersofsociety
regardasdeviant
- Situationaldeviance:an
actbeingseenasdeviant
ornotdependsonthe
contextorsituationin
whichittakesplace.
→dependson:time,location,
group,
Functionalisttheoryofcrime
Mainfeaturesoffunctionalism :
- Consensus →noconflict
- Thehiddencurriculumpassesonthevalue
consensus(sharednormsandvalues)
- Socialsolidarity →senseofbelongingto
society
- Anomie(lacksosocialsolidarity)Whatfunctionalistssayaboutcrime:
- Feelanomiesocommitcrimes
- Don'tsharenormsandvalues →forprimary
socialisation
Crime:inevitableandpositive (Durkheim)
- Crimeisinevitableinsociety
- Crimecanalsobegoodforsociety
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lOMoARcPSD|40099155 Inevitable
1. Diversityofvalues
2. Noteveryonewillbe
socialisedeffectively
intovalueconsensusPositive
1. Enablessocialchange
- Allowsoutdatedlawstobechallenged/changed
2. Boundarymaintenance
- Unitessocietyagainstthecriminals(socialsolidarity)
- Remindssocietyaboutacceptableandunacceptable
behaviour(collectiveconscience)
3. Safetyvalve
- Minoroffencesreleasesfrustration;preventsseriousth reats
tosociety
4. Warningdevice
- Indicatessocialproblemsthatneedtobeaddressed
EvaluationAo3
- Crimeisnotpositiveforthevictim
- Crimecanreducesocialsolidarity →withdrawalfromsocietybythevictim+mistrustpeoplefrom
society
- It'snotjustthepoorlysocialisedwhocommitcrime,succe ssful+wellsocialisedu/candm/ccommit
crimes(whitecollarcrime)
- Postmodernists →novalueconsensus
Merton:StrainTheory
- Suggestssocialorderisbasedonaconsensusaroundsocial goalsandapprovedwaysofachieving
them.
- He'safunctionalistbecausehistheoryisbasedonconsens us
- Thesocialgoalsofbritishsocietyiswealth/financialsuc cess
- Approvedwayofachievingthesegoalsareeducationandemp loyment
- Somepeoplemightnotbeabletousetheseapprovedwaysbeca useof
[educationalfailure,unemployment/lowpaidemployment= strain]
5modesofadaptation
1. Conformity~acceptgoalsandapprovedmeans
2. Innovation~acceptgoalsbutusecriminalmeans
3. Ritualism~giveupongoalsbutkeeptoapprovedmeans
4. Retreatism~rejectsgoalsandapprovedmeans
5. Rebellion~rejectsgoalsandapprovedmeansbutreplacet hemwithnewgoalsandnewmeans
64%ofAmericansbelievethatifyouworkhardyouwillgetahe ad.(americandream)
- Modesofadaptationmaynotbedistincti.e.conformistswh oengageininnovation
- Cannotexplainwhymajorityfacingstraindontturntocrim e
- Noconsensusonsocialgoals
Outlinetworeasonscrimeisfunctionalforsociety(4marks )
Crimeisfunctionalforsocietybecauseitcreatesboundary maintenance.Thisisbecauseitunitessocietyagainst
thecriminalswhichcreatessocialsolidarityandremindss ocietyaboutacceptableandunacceptablebehaviour
whichisthecollectiveconscience,itreducestheamountof crime.
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lOMoARcPSD|40099155
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