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AQA Chemistry GCSE Using Materials 2 Exam Questions and Complete Solutions
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AQA Chemistry GCSE Using Materials 2 Exam Questions and Complete Solutions
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1 4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 Score Percentage % AQA GCSC CHEMISTRY Time allowed Using ResourcesUsing Materials 2 54 minutes /45 QUESTION PAPER Q6. In the UK, railway sleepers were made from wood. They are now often made from concrete. A scientist was asked to find the best concrete mixture to use so that railway sleepers would not break easily.The scientist made: • a mould to make small models of concrete sleepers • concrete mixtures using crushed rock, sand, cement and water • the equipment shown to add 0.1 kg masses until the model sleeper broke. The scientist’s results are shown in the table. Concrete mixture in % by volume Total mass added to brea k the model sleeper in kg Cemen t Sand Crushed rock Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Mean 10 70 20 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 20 60 20 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.4 30 50 20 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 40 40 20 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.3 3.9 50 30 20 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 (a) Calculate the mean total mass added to break the model sleeper that has 20 % cement by volume. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ Mean = ........................... kg (2) (b) State one conclusion that the scientist could make from these results. ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................................ ........................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1) (c) The scientist sent the results in a report to a company that makes full-size concrete railway sleepers. (i) Suggest two other factors that the company should take into consideration before deciding which mixture to use to make a full-size concrete railway sleeper. ................................................................. .............................................. ............................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. .............. ............................................................................................................... (2) (ii) The scientist’s report claimed that using concrete sleepers instead of wooden sleepers would have less environmental impact. Do you agree with the scientist’s claim? Use your knowledge and understanding to justify your answer. Remember to compare using concrete with using wood for the sleepers.
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