PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM ACTUAL EXAM/ LATEST UPDATE 2024 WITH 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)|A +GRADE Characteristics of living things - Correct Answer - -All are composed of cells -All obtain energy and use it to develop -Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change -Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment Levels of Biological Organization - Correct Answer -atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism How are organisms classified? - Correct Answer -on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - Correct Answer -Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way to discover how and why the world works What is matter? - Correct Answer -Anything that has mass and takes up space What is an atom? - Correct Answer -smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid What is the structure of an atom? - Correct Answer -Nucleus in the center that contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged) What is an ionic bond? - Correct Answer -A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and electron to another Atom What is a covalent bond? - Correct Answer -Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have a completed outer shell What is a double covalent bond? - Correct Answer -Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - Correct Answer -Carbon and hydrogen What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - Correct Answer -Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid What are the properties of water? - Correct Answer -Its attraction to polar molecules. High-specific heat. High heat of vaporization. The lower density of ice. High polarity. Carbohydrates - Correct Answer -Broken down to glucose to provide energy. What are the different kinds of carbs? - Correct Answer -Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as blood sugar Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants Glycogen= stores energy in animals Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls Protein - Correct Answer -macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair Lipid - Correct Answer -Energy -rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Serve as a long term energy source Nucleic acid - Correct Answer -macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Form DNA which acts to store genetic information What is the cell theory? - Correct Answer -All living organisms are made up of cells The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms All cells arise from pre-existing cells Ribosome - Correct Answer -Makes proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum - Correct Answer -A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. Smooth ER - Correct Answer -Makes lipids Rough ER - Correct Answer -That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. Golgi Apparatus - Correct Answer -Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them Lysosome - Correct Answer -Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles Vacuole - Correct Answer -Stores food, enzymes and other material Mitochondria - Correct Answer -Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth, development and movement Nucleus - Correct Answer -A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction Cell wall - Correct Answer -A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell Explain the process of diffusion: - Correct Answer -Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is the same at both
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