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Samenvatting Pathologie neurologisch stelsel
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Biomedische wetenschappen 4PATHOLOGIE VAN HET NEUROLOGISCH
STELSEL
1. INLEIDING
o Centraal zenuwstelsel = Hersenen (in schedel) + ruggenmerg (in wervelkolom)
o Perifeer zenuwstelsel = 43 paar zenuwen (12 paar hersenzenuwen en <”& paar
ruggenmergzenuwen
o Hersenvliezen:
1) Huid
2) Periost
3) Schedel
4) Dura mater
5) Arachnoïdea
6) Subarachnoïdale ruimte
7) Pia mater
o Grote hersenen (+kleine hersenen + hersenstam)
1) Temporale kwab
2) Frontale kwab
3) Pariëtale kwab
4) Occipetale kwab
o Sensorisch systeem
o Primair sensorische cortexgebieden
krijgt (via thalamus) sensorische informatie
losse zintuiglijke sensaties
vb. gewaarwording van losse stippen, losse tonen
o Secundair sensorische (= associatie) cortexgebieden
ordening en aanvulling van losse sensaties tot een geheel
vb. waarneming van een kattenkopsilhouet, gemiauw
o Tertiaire sensorische cortex
zorgt voor integratie van de zintuigen
vb. waarneming kat
o pyramidaal systeem = vrijwillige motoriek
piramidecellen in de precentale gyruus = motorische cortex
piramide-baa,
kruising van de piramidebaan naar de andere zijde (=links)
,Biomedische wetenschappen 4
o extra-pyramidaal systeem (basale ganglia) = onvrijwillige motoriek
spiertonus + hoeveelheid beweging
2. BELANGRIJKE NEUROLOGISCHE PARAMETERS
Bewustzijn:
o ‘benodigdheden’:
- ARAS hersenstam
- activiteit in de cerebrale cortex
- verbinding daartussen
o héél gevoelige neurologische parameter
o Gradaties:
o helder
o lichte BWZ daling => concentratie - desoriëntatie
o matige BWZ daling
- somnolentie (door prikkels wekbaar)
- sopor (enkel door zeer sterke prikkels wekbaar)
o diepe BWZ daling (niet meer wekbaar)
- coma in gradaties (vanaf EMV 8)
Glasgow Coma Schaal
o EMV-score
o E(yes) = de ogen openen
o M(ovement) = de bewegingsreactie
o V(erbal) = op vragen antwoorden
o 3 tot 15
, Biomedische wetenschappen 4
Pupilreflex:
!!Craniale zenuwen!!:
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