CLTM exam
VNS (vagus nerve stimulation) - ANSDr. Zabara developed in the mid-80s. FDA approved in
1997 for partial seizure onset.
VNS device is made of - ANSconstant current pulse generator and 2 platinum spiral
electrodes; coiled around left vagus nerve.
VNS, how does it stop seizure? - ANSThought to increase inhibitory neurotransmitters and
decrease excretory neurotransmitters. Blood flow increases and decreases in different parts
of brain also contributes.
FIRDA caused by: - ANStoxic metabolic encephalopathy
VSN seizure highest % decrease (year): - ANS3 years post implantation
Lennox-Gastaut and VNS: - ANSthese patients become more alert and have better behavior
control
Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (IRDA) - ANSIs seen maximal over the frontal or occipital
lobes and can be caused by various reasons, some benign or unknown, but also are
commonly associated with lesions and tumors. Gray matter is sick right now.
% of epileptic patients who are refractory to medication: - ANS30%
Locus Ceruleusceruleus: - ANSA nucleus in the pons involved with physiological responses
to stress and panic; principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine
Raphe nucleus (pons) - ANSmain source of serotonin
Neurotransmitters have a big role in: - ANSSeizures and mood modulation
Rett Syndrome - ANSA disorder of the nervous system that leads to developmental
reversals, especially in the areas of expressive language and hand use. Mainly in girls.
Starts around 6 months of age.
SPECT - ANSsingle photon emission computed tomography
PET - ANSpositron emission tomography
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy - ANSAfter temporal lobe epilepsy, this is the most common form of
epilepsy featuring partial seizures.
Both simple and complex partial seizures may be observed.
Neurological function of frontal lobes is not thoroughly understood, and partial seizures
originating in this area can have a wide range of presentations.
VNS (vagus nerve stimulation) - ANSDr. Zabara developed in the mid-80s. FDA approved in
1997 for partial seizure onset.
VNS device is made of - ANSconstant current pulse generator and 2 platinum spiral
electrodes; coiled around left vagus nerve.
VNS, how does it stop seizure? - ANSThought to increase inhibitory neurotransmitters and
decrease excretory neurotransmitters. Blood flow increases and decreases in different parts
of brain also contributes.
FIRDA caused by: - ANStoxic metabolic encephalopathy
VSN seizure highest % decrease (year): - ANS3 years post implantation
Lennox-Gastaut and VNS: - ANSthese patients become more alert and have better behavior
control
Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (IRDA) - ANSIs seen maximal over the frontal or occipital
lobes and can be caused by various reasons, some benign or unknown, but also are
commonly associated with lesions and tumors. Gray matter is sick right now.
% of epileptic patients who are refractory to medication: - ANS30%
Locus Ceruleusceruleus: - ANSA nucleus in the pons involved with physiological responses
to stress and panic; principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine
Raphe nucleus (pons) - ANSmain source of serotonin
Neurotransmitters have a big role in: - ANSSeizures and mood modulation
Rett Syndrome - ANSA disorder of the nervous system that leads to developmental
reversals, especially in the areas of expressive language and hand use. Mainly in girls.
Starts around 6 months of age.
SPECT - ANSsingle photon emission computed tomography
PET - ANSpositron emission tomography
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy - ANSAfter temporal lobe epilepsy, this is the most common form of
epilepsy featuring partial seizures.
Both simple and complex partial seizures may be observed.
Neurological function of frontal lobes is not thoroughly understood, and partial seizures
originating in this area can have a wide range of presentations.
