2024 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION IAI UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED AND VERIFIED 100%

2024 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION IAI UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED AND VERIFIED 100% Final analysis is done where? Ans- In the courtroom Major Goals of a Crime Scene Search Ans- * The recongnition and identification of physical evidence * The collection and proper preservation of the evidence * Reconstrutction of the crime * To assist detectives in forming a theory about the crime The job of the CSI in "forensic science" Ans- Is to properly recongnize, identify, collect, and preserve those pieces of evidence that begin the process known as justice. CSIs are responsible for what two of the four steps in the admissiblity of phiysical evidence for court? Ans- recognition and collection Physical evidence leads to the linkage of... Ans- the victim, perpetrator and the scene Four Major Factors that Determine the Value of Physical Evidence Ans- Recognition-the CSI must have the knowledge and understanding to recongnize potential items of physical evidence located at the crime scene Collection-Utilizing the appropriate skills and following accepted protocols to gather and preserve the physical evidence Testing Procedures-Application of acceptable scientific procedures to analyze the physical evidence Courtroom Presentation-Qualifications of the witnesses to provide objective reports on the forensic analysis of the evidence Forensic Archeologist Ans- Utilizes archaeological recovery techniques at scenes of mass graves or exhumations Forensic Botanist Ans- Can aid in determining time since death or assist in placing a suspect or victim at a location by studying the anatomy of plant evenidence Forensic Entomologist Ans- Can evaluate the life cycle of insects found at the scene or on the body of a victim to assist in establishing investigative leads such as the movement of a body after death, manner of death, and the postmortem interval Forensic Odontologist Ans- Dentist with special training in the evaluation and handling of dental evidence, including bitemark comparison and the identification of victims/suspects Forensic Pathologist Ans- A medical doctor with additional specialty training in determination of injuries and disease that cause death Medical Examiner Ans- A medical doctor with five or more years of specialized training in recognition of the cause and manner of death Coroner Ans- An eleted or appointed official who conducts death investigations. the coroner is not required to have a medical background and his/her duties are dictated by jurisdiction. FSAB Ans- Forensic Specialties Accreditation Board- provides accreditation to those certifying bodies that meet stringent requirements for training, education, experience, and testing of individual forensic scientist and specialist. the duty of the expert witness is to Ans- educate the jury and provide testimony using terminology that is easily explainable and not misunderstood. Essential elements of exper witness testimony Ans- Clarity, simplicity, and honesty expert witness testimony may be challenged in the following ways: Ans- *the case may not require the expertise *Basic qualifications and ability to give an opinion in the field at issue *Insufficient education or experience to have anything of value to offer (no vaule added) *the methodology utilized to support the opinion may not be scientifically sound or capable of supporting the profered opinion *The methodology may be scientifically sound, but the opinion based on the method is not sufficiently derived from that scientific methodology Acts of commission Ans- Intentional Acts of omission Ans- unintentional O.J. effect Ans- discrediting the chain of evidence, the scientists, or the science is known as the OJ effect and has become a key defense technique Physical evidence is valuable in many aspects and can reveal data that will aid the investigation by: Ans- *Providing essential information on the facts of the case-corpus delicti *Revealing the modus operandi (MO)-the preferred method of operation *Demonstrating linkages between the vicitm, suspects, locations, and objects *Proving or disproving witeness statements *Identifying a suspect through DNA or other individualization *Classifying unknown substances *Reconstructing the crime scene-how a crime was committed *Developing investigative leads Corpus delicti Ans- facts of the case MO-Modus Operandi Ans- the preferred method of operation Class characteristics Ans- physical evidence that cannot be related to a common origin with a high degree of certainty, therefore it can only be associated with a group and never a single source Indivdual characteristics Ans- are distinct differences in the physical evidence that allow it to be associated with a single source and allow the examiner to determine the uniqueness of any single object or piece of evidence Associative evidence Ans- items of physical evidence located during a crime scene search can be used to demonstrate linkage or to "associate" the victim to the suspect or to a particular location What ammendment protects against unreasonable search and seizure Ans- Fourth amedment Mincey v. Arizona Ans- dictated what actions law enforcement personnel are authorized to take without first obtaining a warrant Items that can be obtained without obtaining a warrant Ans- 1. Seach the scene for rictims and render aid in areas where a victim could resonably be found 2. Enter the scene to search for perpetrators (only in areas where a suspect could be located) 3.While officers are legally in a location performing either of the two aforementioned actions, they may swize items of evidentiary nature that are in plain view-however, this should only occur in exigent circumstances, such as an unsecured weapon Transient evidence Ans- is defined as physical evidence that may be lost forever if not immediately preserved Fruit of the poisonous tree Ans- If the physical evidence is tainted then any subsequent information derived from that evidence would also be tainted Frye v. United States Ans- rejected the admission of a polygraph test on the basis that the reliability of the intrument had not been proven. Frye test Ans- established the criteria that define judicial acceptance of scientific advances. Basically, the ruling requires expert testimony to be based on scientific principles or procedues that have already been generally accepted winthin the scientific community. Courts will hear testimony from experts in the field as well as consider scientific papers before determining the acceptability of a technique Rule 702 Ans- Federal court system guideline when dealing with the admissibility of expert tesimony relating to scientific analysis of physical evidence. The judge is responsible for the determination of qualifications of an expert witness and if they can offer an opinion based on knowledge, skill, training, or education and experience. Only apply to fedeal court proceedings but many state courts have adopted these guidelines. Daubert guidelines Ans- the court will require proof that the scientific basis underlying the opinion is generally accepted in the scientific community and is relevant and reliable. Judges must assume the responsibility of becoming the gatekeeper in determining the admissibility of scientific evidence. "Relevant and Reliable" standard of Daubert Ans- Prior to acceptance of expert testimony the jusdge must determine if the reasoning or methodolog underlying the testimony is scientifically valid and can be applied to the facts at issue Chain of custody Ans- usually referes to the documentation of the location of all physical evidence at all times Every action must be documented in what ways... Ans- notes, photographs, sketches, and reports The purpose of documentation is to Ans- create a permanent record of the condition of the crime scene and the physical evidence Four stages that must be completed during documentation include: Ans- 1. taking notes 2. videography 3. photography 4. sketching Photo log indicates: Ans- time and date, roll number, camera settings, distane to the subject, and a brief describtion. ASLD Ans- American Society of Crime Lab Directors Is the control included in final laboratory results? Ans- the control will be documented and included in final laboratory results PPE Ans- Personal Protective Equipment SCBA Ans- Self-contained breathing apparatus When establishing boundaries should they be smaller or larger? Ans- Always secure a larger area and then reduce the area as additional information is determined Cross contamination Ans- transfer of material between two or more sources of physical evidence Safety Measures Ans- *No eating, drinking, smoking, or using cell phones in the crime scene *Be alert for biological, chemical, environmental, or mechanical hazards *Watch for sharp objects such as hypodermic needles, knives, razors, broken glass, nails, exposed metal, or other objects *Do not use the bathrooms at the crime scene *Never pick up broken glass with your hands. Use a brush and dust pan, tongs, forceps, or tweezers and place the pieces in a secure container *Place all syringes, needles, and other sharp objects in a puncture resistant container with a biohazard waring label. Never recap or place covers such as erasers over hypodermic needles. *When searching confined spaces, use mirrors, flashlights, and other tools before placing your hands in the space. Do not overlook the potential for poisonous spiders and/or snakes in narrow or confined dark areas *Always use caution in unknown environments. Exotic pets may pose a hazard-poisonous snakes, scorpions, and spiders can startle the unsuspecting CSI *Always wash your hands or other skin surfaces thoroughly and immediately if you come in contact with any body fluid. The universal decontamination solution is a diluted solution of bleach 1:10 or 70% isopropyl alcohol Types of PPE Ans- Gloves, Tyvek suits, shoe covers, and eye and respiratory protection are essential for ensuring personal safety. OSHA Ans- Occupational Safety and Health Administration Bloodborne pathogens Ans- are infectious disease causing microorganism that may be found or transported in biological fluids. Treat all human blood and body fluids as though they are potentially infectious. ...................................................................................