Challenging VTNE questions

Challenging VTNE questions You are asked to run an electrocardiogram (ECG) strip on a pet. There are three leads on your machine. One is white, one is black, and one is red. Where should these be placed? Answer: White: right forelimb, black: left forelimb, red: left hindlimb Explanation - White= right front Black= left front Red= left hind Green (if present)= right hind The easy ways to remember these: You read your newspaper in the morning (black and white towards front of pet), Christmas comes at the end of the year (red and green towards the rear of pet). In right lateral recumbency: snow (white) and grass (green) are on the ground so are on the right side down towards the table. White also rhymes with right. A horse with flared nostrils and a heave line from the tuber coxae towards the elbow with forced expiration likely has which of the following conditions? A.) Congestive heart failure B.) Obstructive airway disease C.) Lead poisoning D.) Laminitis Answer: Obstructive airway disease These symptoms are typical of a horse with chronic increased respiratory effort. Coughing, weight loss, lack of energy, and exercise intolerance are also signs of this condition, termed "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" (COPD). It is more common in older horses that are stabled during winter months. It is helpful to turn these horses out to pasture to help control the disease. COPD is similar to asthma in humans. A rupture or tear in the thoracic duct would result in which of the following? A.) Chylothorax B.) Pyothorax C.) Pericardial effusion D.) Hemoabdomen Answer: Chylothorax Chyle (a fluid high in chylomicrons and lymph) effuses from the thoracic duct into the pleural space if the thoracic duct tears or ruptures (usually trauma-related). The effusion typically appears as a milky white fluid and is odorless. This is only one cause of chylothorax. Other causes include lymphangiectasia, lung lobe torsion, heartworm disease, cardiomyopathy, neoplasia, idiopathic, and others. If the triglyceride level of the effusion is greater than that of peripheral blood, this can help to determine the effusion is chylous.