BSC 108 Exam 3 Kennedy

BSC 108 Exam 3 Kennedy so eat ants, etc. founder effect - the genetic drift resulting from the establishment of a new, small population whose gene pool represents only a sample of the genetic variation present in the parent population gene therapy - Recombinant DNA procedure intended to treat disease by altering an afflicted person's genes. genetic drift - a change in the gene pool of a population due to chance heterotrophs - it is an organism that cannot make its own organic food molecules from inorganic ingredients and must obtain them by consuming other organisms or their organic products; a consumer (an animal) or a decomposer (fungus) in a food chain homologies, or homologous structures - similarities among living organisms that are due to shared ancestry How are the subunits held together? - through a hydrogen bond how can a new species form with geographic isolation - when geographic isolation of two populations causes their gene pools to diverge. how can a new species form without geographic isolation - two distinct gene pools emerge through chromosomal changes due to errors in mitosis and meiosis, habitat differentiation, or sexual selection. How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - Phenotypes arise from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. To get these proteins this is what happens. DNA transfers genetic information through transcription to RNA. Then through translation genetic info is transferred from RNA into a polypeptide (protein strand) How does DNA replicate? - the parent strand breaks off into two and then enzymes (DNA polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to each side, creating two separate daughter strands how does energy flow through an ecosystem and the nutrient cycle - it flows through with being light energy being absorbed and used by the producers through photosynthesis, they create chemical energy, which is then consumed by the consumers, when they die it goes to the decomposers, each time chemical energy is being used it involves the loss of some energy to the surroundings in the form of heat. nutrient cycle are just recycling nutrients within and between ecosystems How does two species interact in a community through commensalism? - Relationships between two organisms where one organism benefits from the other without affecting it. How does two species interact in a community through competition? - Between species, the population growth of a species may be limited by the population densities of competing species as well as the density of its own population. How does two species interact in a community through mutualism? - Both species benefit from an interaction. How does two species interact in a community through parasitism? - Parasite lives on or in a host from which is obtains nourishment. How does two species interact in a community through predation? - Which one species (predator) kills and eats another. (prey) how have humans impacted the biodiversity on earth - Habitat destruction, invasive species, and pollution. list the steps of the experimental procedures on how scientists could genetically engineer an organism. - 1. isolate the plasmids of the bacterial cell 2. isolate the DNA from the cell you want with the gene of interest in it 3. cut both DNAs with the restriction enzyme, this produces restriction gragments 4. mix the dna fragements and join them together 5. bacteria will take up recombinan