senior seminar II - UA&BF review exam with correct answers 2024

1. The CSF tube labeled #3 is sent to the: Hematology depart- ment 1 - chem 2 - micro 3 - heme 2. Which of the following CSF lab findings are gen- erally associated with a patient that has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis? (Hint: Mul- tiple answer question) 3. The presence of a fetal neural tube disorder may be detected by: 4. Which of the following conditions is most often associated with the formation of a transudate? 5. The integrity of the blood/brain barrier is mea- sured using the: 6. Which of the following cell types predominate in CSF during a classic case of viral meningitis? 7. The most common chemical test requested on CSF is: 8. Which of the following disorders is characterized by the urinary excretion of large amounts of argi- nine, cysteine, lysine, and ornithine? 9. Which of the following are reported as number per low power field (lpf)? 10. Transitional epithelial cells originate from the lining of the renal pelvis, calyces, ureters, and bladder. Increased lactate Highly elevated protein Increased WBC count with increased neu- trophils Increased maternal serum alpha fetoprotein Congestive heart failure CSF/serum albumin in- dex Lymphocytes Total protein Cystinuria Casts True 11. Which of the following statements about chronic renal failure is true? 12. The urine had an odd odor resembling that of maple syrup. The lab wanted to perform a screen- ing test to determine if this patient had a prob- lem. Which of the following would be your rec- ommendation? 13. A patient was seen by the physician and a urine test was ordered. The lab reported that the urine was a blue-green color. Which of the following represents a pathological cause? 14. Which of the following statements are applicable for the formation and appearance of casts? 15. Match the following urine tests with their pur- pose 16. The protein reagent pad on the Multistix or Chemstrip urinalysis reagent strips is capable of detecting the presence of microalbumin. It eventually progresses to end-stage renal dis- ease. Test with the Acetest tablet and if present, a purple color would be seen A Pseudomonasinfec- tion Actually all of these statements are correct for the formation of casts Estimates water reten- tion - SG Measures carbohydrate metabolism - glucose Evaluates liver function - bili Detects infections - LE Monitors the acid-base balance - pH Looks for the presence of bacteria - Nitrite False 17. The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of: 18. If a patient experiences a transfusion reaction or a hemolytic disease crisis the strip test will be negative for Bilirubin. What will be the result for urobilinogen? 1.010 Positive 19. Cessation of urine flow is termed: Anuria 20. The primary chemical affected by the renin-an- giotensin-aldosterone system is: 21. The patient was brought to the ER. Blood and urine tests were ordered. The urine test strip in- dicated that the urine was very alkaline. Which of the following would most likely NOT be the cause? 22. The most significant reagent strip test that is associated with a positive strip test for ketones is: 23. What three changes will affect the results of the microscopic examination of urine if it is not test- ed within two hours? 24. Protein testing of urine is important because it is most indicative of: 25. What is the name of the innermost membrane that adheres to the brain and spinal cord? 26. Powdered anticoagulants should not be used in tubes for synovial fluid testing because it inter- feres with: 27. A rapid test for FLM that does not require perfor- mance of thin-layer chromatography is: sodium Diabetes mellitus glucose Increased bacteria, de- creased red blood cells, decreased casts renal disease Pia mater Crystal examination Amniostat-FLM 28. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of CSF? 29. Which of the following two crystals are most commonly seen in synovial fluid? 30. Which of the following substances oxidizes with exposure to air, causing the urine to turn brown or black? 31. The fourteen day old female was taken to the pediatrician because she was not thriving. The physician suspected that this child might have an enzyme deficiency that resulted in defective carbohydrate metabolism. What test did the lab- oratory perform that was found to be positive? 32. End-stage renal disease is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: 33. The patient had been off his medications for 72 hours per the doctor's orders and was at the lab for a container and instructions. The lab in- formed the patient that a 24 hour urine specimen was required and that he must not eat bananas, pineapple, or tomatoes. What is the test that the doctor has ordered for this patient? 34. A child enters the ER. The physician performs a spinal tap and the results indicate that the glut- amine is significantly elevated. What disorder is the physician suspecting? 35. Match the following colors in amniotic fluid with their significance: It is an ultrafiltrate of plasma Monosodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate Melanin Clinitest Hypersthenuria 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) Reye syndrome colorless - normal dark-green - meconium red-brown - fetal death yellow - bilirubin 36. A disease resulting from an inborn error in uric acid metabolism is known as what? 37. The purpose of the special mat supplied with the Ictotest tablets is to: 38. Which of the following is not a function of the kidney? 39. In glomerular renal disease, the glomerular dam- age results from: 40. You sit down at the work bench with a polarizing microscope in front of you. You place a micro- scopic slide with a drop of centrifuged urine sed- iment under the cover glass. You look through the microscope and you say, "There it is!" What did you see? gout Bilirubin remains on the surface of the mat Actually all of these are functions Toxic substances pro- duced by immune-com- plex formations Free floating fat droplets 41. WBC casts are primarily associated with: Pyelonephritis 42. High levels of proteinuria are early symptoms of: Nephrotic syndrome 43. Which of the following is NOT a good QA proce- dure for reagent strips? 44. Microscopic examination of a clear urine that produces a pink precipitate after refrigeration will show: 45. A positive Clinitest and a negative reagent strip glucose are indicative of: 46. The 48 year-old male complained to his physi- cian about the intermittent pain on the right side of his abdomen and it would radiate outward. He complained about frequent urination and said Store the strips in the refrigerator when not in use. Amorphous urates Nonglucose reducing substances Calcium carbonate that he was taking OTC medications. The lab tested his urine and found that RBCs and WBCs were present along with positive protein, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase tests. The pH was 5.5 and the specific gravity was 1.030. They also re- ported crystals present. Which crystal would you LEAST likely find in this patient's urine? 47. Crystals associated with severe liver disease in- clude all of the following EXCEPT: 48. The patient had been exposed to a heavy metal and was being treated. A review of the urine test results and the microscopic revealed that damage had occurred in the nephrons. What did the laboratory report on the urinalysis that was notably significant for this patient? 49. The physician sent a serous fluid collected via paracentesis to the laboratory. The requisition noted that the patient has ascites. The lab re- port included the following: WBC = 27,000/uL, Absolute neutrophil count = 2,000/uL, Amylase = 500 IU/L. From the results listed, which of the following is most likely the problem with this patient? (Hint: Multiple answer question) 50. The physician performed an amniocentesis on a female in the 31 st week of her gestational period. The female is Rh(D) negative and this is her second pregnancy. The fluid was tested spectrophotometrically and found to have an OD reading of 0.20. The L/S ratio was found to be 2.1. What will the physician do? 51. A patient has fluid drawn from the pericardial cavity and sent to the laboratory. The lab recog- nizes the patient has been diagnosed with AIDS. The lab performs a gram stain and sets the fluid up for culture and sensitivity testing. What other Cystine Renal tubular epithelial cells Peritonitis Possible GI perforation Induce labor Acid-fast stain one test would the physician most likely have ordered? 52. A patient with a blood glucose of 120 mg/dL would have a normal CSF glucose of: 53. Which of the following disorder frequently oc- curs following a bacterial infection of the skin or throat? 54. The largest source of error in creatinine clear- ance tests is: 55. Match the following criteria with the most accept- able specimen 80 Acute glomerulonephri- tis Improperly timed urine specimens A patient is being checked for glycosuria and provides a sam- ple two hours after their meal. - 2 hr post prandial The patient refuses to have a catheterized specimen collected but the lab needs a speci- men for sediment eval- uation and microscop- ic studies. - midstream clean-catch A woman wants to be checked to see if she is pregnant. - first morning The most common type of specimen collected for UA testing. - random A patients is asked to collect a certain type of specimen to detect solutes due to diurnal variations and are given a strict time regimen. - 24 hr A physician suspects a patient has a UTI but would like to know the best specimen for de- tection. - first morning 56. A urine specimen with a pH of 9.0: should be recollected