1 | P a g e HESI RN ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ A nurse who provides care on a busy medical unit of a large hospital is constantly faced with new drugs on patients' medication administration records. What strategy should the nurse employ to foster up -to-date information about the nursing management of n ew or uncommon drugs? A) Focus on learning about a prototype drug that is characteristic of a larger drug class B) Identify similarities between new drugs and older drugs that are commonly used on the unit C) Commit time and energy during each shift to learning about new drugs D) Liaise with pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who work at the hospital - ANSWER - A) Focus on learning about a prototype drug that is characteristic of a larger drug class Rationale: A prototype drug is one individual pharmaceuticals drug, a group of chemicals that has chemical structures, action mechanism, and mode of action, in pharmacology and pharmaceuticals. A drug prototype is a well -understood drug model compared to other drugs in its class. Users can predict the actions and adverse effects of other drugs from the same class by learning the characteristics of a prototype drug. 2 | P a g e A 58 -year-old man is admitted to the emergency department. A diagnosis of severe digoxin toxicity is made. Bradycardia is present, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) confirms toxicity. The nurse will administer which of the following drugs? A) Furosemide B) Digoxin immune fab C) Captopril D) Dopamine - ANSWER - B) Digoxin immune fab A hospital patient's physician has prescribed quetiapine (Seroquel) to be administered at bedtime. Being unfamiliar with the medication, the nurse has looked it up in a nursing drug manual and noted that the drug is an antipsychotic that is indicated for t he treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The patient has no psychiatric history, and upon questioning, the physician states that it is being prescribed to help the patient fall asleep at night. How should the nurse best understand this practice? A) This off -label use of the drug is prohibited by federal laws and professional practice standards. B) This is an appropriate use of the drug, provided it is supported by the literature. C) This is acceptable if the patient has failed to respond adequately to conventional sleep aids. 3 | P a g e D) This is a practice that may negate the physician's and nurse's liability insurance - ANSWER - B) This is an appropriate use of the drug, provided it is supported by the literature. A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by her mother. The mother reports that the child has been vomiting, and the nurse notes that the child's face is flushed and she is diaphoretic. The mother thinks that the child may have swallowed c arbachol drops. A diagnosis of cholinergic poisoning is made. Which of the following drugs would be administered? A) Acetylcholine B) Atropine C) Cevimeline D) Nicotine - ANSWER - A) Acetylcholine Rationale: The treatment for cholinergic poisoning is aggressive supportive care, plus targeted therapy for cholinergic toxicity which is ATROPINE followed by an available oxime such as pralidoxime. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient who will be taking fludrocortisone at home. The nurse will encourage the patient to eat a diet that is__ A) low in sodium and potassium. B) low in sodium, high in potassium. C) high in iron. 4 | P a g e D) low in proteins - ANSWER - B) low in sodium, high in potassium. Rationale: Salt retention. Side effects of having more salts in our body. When there is high salt present in our body, this will cause elevation of the blood pressure and as well as it has something to do with heart failure. Decreased potassium level. Potassium is inversely proportional to sodium. Common complications of potassium includes cardiac activities. A nurse is developing a care plan for a patient who has multiple sclerosis. An expected outcome for the patient who is receiving glatiramer would be a decrease in A) chest pain. B) fatigue. C) breathing difficulties. D) heart palpitations - ANSWER - B) fatigue. An elderly postsurgical patient has developed postoperative pneumonia in the days following abdominal surgery and is being treated with a number of medications. Which of the following medications that the nurse will administer has the slowest absorption? A) A sublingual benzodiazepine that has been prescribed to help the patient sleep B) An intravenous (IV) antibiotic that is being administered by IV piggyback at 150 mL/hour
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